Mohammed (Prophet), 34. Mohammedanism (_see Islām_). Mokan-khān, 30. Mokanna` (veiled prophet of Khorāsān), 94. Mokhallad, 68. Mollā Khān, 220. =Mongols=--early history, 150; divisions of, 151; religions, 152; civilisation of, attributed to Tatatungo, 155; nomadic habits, 161, 162, 232; invasion of Central Asia, 155–60; Russia invaded, 233; influence on Russian character and characteristics, 234; dissensions among, 234; Russian attempts to throw off Mongol yoke, 235; decline of power, 236. Moscow, rise of, 234; Mongol attacks on, 235, 236, 237. Moser, _cited_ 262 _note_, _passim_. Mostadhhir, 134. Mothé, 15. Mu`ayyad, governor of Nīshāpūr, 145. Mu`ayyad ud-Dawlé, 133. Mu`āz ibn Muslim, 94. Mufaddhal, 44. Mughal, first use of word, 150. Muhallab, 42, 43. Muir, _cited_ 38 _note_, _passim_. Mukīm Khān, 199. Muktadi, Caliph, death of, 134. Mulabbab esh-Shaybāni, 90. Müller, _cited_ 39 _note_, _passim_. Murghāb, the, 333–35. Musayyah ibn Zobayr, 94. Muslim ibn Sa`īd, the Kilābite, 71. Mu`tadhid, 109–10. Mu`tamid, Caliph, 104–05. Mutawakkil, Caliph, 103. Muwaffak, 104, 105. Muzaffar ud-Dīn (Sayyid Muzaffar ud-Dīn), 219–21. Nādir Shāh, 200–3, 267. Nahāvend, Zoroastrians defeated by Arabs at, 37; captured by Hāshimite troops, 84. _Nakshabandi_, order of dervishes, 170 _note_. Naphthalites (_see Ephthalites_). Narshakhi, _cited_ 41, 42, 43 _notes_, _passim_. Nāsir, Caliph, 157. Nasr ibn Ahmed, 105–8. Nasr ibn Sayyār, 75, 77–83. Nasrullah Khān, 211–19. Nautaca, district covered by, 6. Nawrūz Ahmed, 191 _note_. Nāzir Mohammad, 196. Nestorius, followers persecuted by Tamerlane, 397. Ney, _cited_ 249, 257 _notes_, _passim_. Nicator (Seleucus I.), 10. Nijni Novogorod, building of, 231; a principality, 234. Nīshāpūr, conquest ascribed to Shāpūr, 23; _passim_. Nīzak Tarkhūn, 39. Nizām ul-Mulk (Hasan ibn `Alī), 131, 132. Nīzek, peace concluded with Kutayba, 47; rebellion and death, 56–59. Nöldeke, _cited_ 22 _note_, _passim_. Novogorod, a republic, 230; added to Russia by Vassili III., 236; Vladimir of, 229. Nūh III., 117. Nūh, Amīr of Samarkand, 101. Nūr Verdi Khān, 273. Nūshtegin, 136. O’Donovan, _cited_ 42 _note_. Ogdāy, 158, 162, 166 _note_. Oliver, W. E. E., _cited_ 161 _note_. `Omar Bi, 208. `Omar, Caliph, assassination of, 38. `Omar ibn `Abd ul-`Azīz, 69. `Omar ibn Hobayra, 70. `Omar Khān, 212, 213. `Omar Khayyām, 131 _note_. `Omar Shaykh, 178. `Omāra ibn Horaym, 73. Omsk acquired by Russia, 242. Orenburg, founding of, and importance for caravans, 242; defective as basis for expeditions, 245. Orkhon inscriptions, 29 _note_. Oshrūsana, 95. `Othmān, prince of Samarkand, 147, 156. Osmānlīs, origin of, 124. Ossipoff, story of, 346. `Othmān, Caliph, 37.