The long and short haul clause is still broken by the railroads as well as by the Supreme Court, especially in the West and in the South, where the basing-point system causes such grievous discriminations. For example, with a rate of 48 cents from New York to Atlanta and a local rate of 38 cents from Atlanta to Suwanee, the rate from New York to Suwanee is 86 cents, although Suwanee is 31 miles nearer New York than Atlanta. This system is not confined to places that have water competition. A considerable number of towns on the Southern Railway and on the Louisville and Nashville have been made basing-points, though they have no water competition.[301] Jacksonville is the main basing-point in Florida, and rates to other destinations are the rate of Jacksonville plus the local rate from Jacksonville to destination, even though the destination is nearer the point of shipment than Jacksonville.[302] From New Orleans to the “Virginia Cities,” Richmond, Lynchburg, and Norfolk, is about 800 miles. Charlotte, at the southern border of North Carolina, is about half way. Yet the rates to Charlotte on a number of articles are double the rates to the Virginia cities, twice the distance. The Southern Railway and the Seaboard Air Line reach the city, but there is no competition. Water competition must be met in Virginia, but if the Virginia ton-mile rate will pay a profit, is not the fourfold ton-mile rate to Charlotte an exorbitant charge?[303] Danville is an excellent example of the evils of place discrimination. Prior to 1886 Danville enjoyed equal freight rates with Lynchburg and Richmond through the competition of the Virginia Midland Railroad and the Southern Railway, but in that year the Southern road (then known as the Richmond and Danville) bought the Virginia Midland and deprived Danville of its equal rates. In 1890 Danville subscribed $100,000 towards the construction of another competing road, which was built, but after a few years it too was purchased by the Southern Railway, and the rates were made strongly adverse to Danville. The matter went to the Commission and the courts, but the city has not been able to carry on the litigation with the roads.[304]