Senator Elkins’ plan is substantially the same, his idea being to give the Commission no real power over rates, but only the right of petition for judicial action. And suits may be brought in the Federal courts of every district through which the lines of the carrier in fault are operated, with appeal on every suit to the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Hearst has introduced a hill to bring the pipe lines carrying oil within the Interstate Act and subject them to the jurisdiction of the Commission; and another bill enabling the Commission to fix a rate, not merely a maximum rate, but the actual rate that is to be used in place of any rate found unreasonable or unjust. The order to take effect after 30 days. A special court of interstate commerce is provided for, which shall have exclusive jurisdiction to review the orders of the Commission, and suspend, annul, or enforce such orders, with an appeal to the Supreme Court only on questions of constitutional law. These are admirable measures in many ways, but are probably too radical for passage through the Senate, in which railroad interests have so large a representation. Of the other bills the most important are the Esch-Townsend Bill, the Interstate Commission’s Bill, and the Hepburn Bill. The Esch-Townsend Bill was intended to give the Interstate Commission full power to fix a specific rate, either single or joint, in place of a rate found to be unreasonable or unjust, and to establish a special court of transportation to have exclusive original jurisdiction of all suits to enforce or prevent the enforcement of orders issued by the Commission under the act.[381] Last year this Bill was regarded as the most important measure before Congress, but this year, 1906, it has been superseded by the Hepburn Bill.