Tarbell’s “History of the Standard Oil Co.,” pp. 185–190; Lloyd’s “Wealth against the Commonwealth,” pp. 87–88. Footnote 24: The Standard paid nominally 60 cents a barrel, but got a rebate of 49 cents, so that their net rate was 11 cents per barrel against $1.90 for the independents. See report of the Hepburn Committee (N. Y.), 1879, and George Rice’s pamphlet on “The Standard Oil Trust.” Footnote 25: Quoted from a synopsis of the Report. Footnote 26: Railroad Freights, Ohio House of Representatives, 1879, pp. 159–163. Footnote 27: Hardy _v._ Cleveland & Marietta R. R., Circuit Court, Ohio, E. D., 1887, 31 Fed. Rep. 689; Senate Select Committee on Interstate Commerce, 49th Congress, 1st Session, p. 199. Footnote 28: Besides the references already given on the Rice affair, see the Trust Investigation of Congress, 1888; the testimony in the Rice case before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Nos. 51–60, 1887; Decisions of the I. C. C., vol. 1, pp. 503, 722; vol. 2, p. 389; vol. 3, p. 186; vol. 4, p. 228; vol. 5, pp. 193, 660; State of Ohio _v._ Standard Oil Co., 49 Ohio St. Rep. 317; Lloyd, chapters xv, xvi, xvii; and Tarbell’s History. Footnote 29: I. C. C., First Report, 1887. Footnote 30: Passes (annual in this case) to persons not in the regular service of the carrier held unlawful. State _v._ Northern Pacific, p. 359, vol. 2, Decisions, 1888. Footnote 31: Sale of 1000–mile tickets to commercial travellers at $20 while charging others $25 illegal. Chicago & Grand Trunk, p. 147, vol. 1, Decisions, 1887. Footnote 32: Paying commissions; selling tickets through brokers at reduced rates; rate wars, etc. Pennsylvania, New York Central, Wabash, Chicago & Alton, vol. 2, 1888, p. 513. Footnote 33: Discounts to shippers receiving more than 30,000 tons a year illegal. Providence and Worcester, vol. 1, 1887, p. 170. Footnote 34: