Industrial Commission, 1900, vol. iv, pp. 441–442. Shippers in Norfolk, Nebr. for example, pay the local rate of 45 cents per cwt. (on first-class goods) to Sioux City on the Missouri River, plus the rate from Sioux City to Chicago, while Fremont, a rival town near Norfolk, has the same rates as Sioux City, the local rate not being added in this case to the Missouri River rate. This gives Fremont manufacturers and shippers a decided advantage over those of Norfolk, and tends to build up Fremont and stunt the growth of Norfolk. The witness suggested that “if the rates were established by the Government instead of at the will and pleasure of the railway managers, it is a natural conclusion that points having the same general conditions would receive equal benefits.” Footnote 119: Cator’s “Rescue the Republic,” p. 15. Footnote 120: “National Consolidation of Railways,” Lewis, p. 102. Footnote 121: “National Consolidation of Railways,” Lewis, p. 83. Footnote 122: Martin _v._ Southern Pacific, Central Pacific, and Union Pacific Railroads. 1 I. C. C. Decis. 1. Footnote 123: 8 I. C. C. Decis. 481. The Commission made an order that the Kearney rate should not exceed the Omaha rate by more than 15 cents, but the Southern Pacific refused to obey, and the Circuit Court declined to enforce the order on the ground that the Commission had not found the rate to Kearney unreasonable in itself, but only in comparison, citing 190 U. S. 273. Footnote 124: 9 I. C. C. Decis. 17: Rep. 1901, 30. Footnote 125: I. C. C. Rep. 1899, p. 31. Footnote 126: The Commission ordered the roads to discontinue this practice. They refused. And the United States Supreme Court sustained them in their refusal. (4 I. C. C. Decis., July, 1890, p. 104; Rep. 1901, p. 25.) Footnote 127: Nov. 1895, the Commission ordered that the rates from Pueblo to California should not exceed 75 percent of the rates from Chicago to California. The railroads refused to obey. Proceedings in court were begun by the Commission to enforce their order. Then the railroads yielded. They kept the rates down about 2 years, till Oct. 17, 1898. Then the Southern Pacific increased the rates. The Colorado Fuel & Iron Company on whose complaint the investigation and order were made, sued for damages and an injunction, Oct. 1898. The Circuit Court enjoined the railroads from charging more than the rates fixed by the Commission. But April 16, 1900, the Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the ground that the United States Supreme Court had ruled that the Commission cannot fix rates. (I. C. C. Rep. 1895, pp. 41–43; and Rep. 1900, pp. 55–61); also (101 Fed. Rep. 779) an appeal to the Supreme Court was dismissed per stipulation, Nov. 1901 (46 L. Ed. 1264). Footnote 128: Ind. Com. iv, 257. Footnote 129: Ind. Com., iv, 257. Footnote 130: _Ibid._, 67. Footnote 131: _Ibid._ Footnote 132: