Classification and commodity rates afford many examples of discrimination in the period we are studying. We find furs and fur scraps classed as double first-class, while hats and fancy products, for which these commodities constitute raw material, were first-class.[89] Celery was classed with peaches and grapes, instead of with cauliflower and asparagus, lettuce and peas.[90] The charge for beans and peas (70 cents) was almost double the charge on tomatoes (44 cents).[91] Flour for export was carried at much lower rates than wheat. Before 1886 wheat was carried from Texas, Missouri, and Kansas at 15 cents per hundred lbs. less than flour, without regard to distance. From 1886 to the end of this middle period the rates on wheat for export show a difference of 4 to 11 cents per hundred below the rates on flour. As the profit to American millers on flour for export is from 1 to 3 cents per hundred it is clear that such discrimination is prohibitive upon American millers in favor of English and other foreign millers. The public policy and good railway policy seem to require the same rate on export wheat and export flour.[92] Corn was carried between Kansas points and Texas points for 7 cents per hundred less than corn meal,—a strong discrimination against Kansas millers.[93] The Eastern railways also carried corn at lower rates than corn meal to Eastern mills, and carried the meal, hominy, ground corn, etc., back to Indiana. This gave the railways more traffic, but it was a tremendous waste of industrial force and injured the Western mills, since a discrimination of 5 percent was sufficient to eat up three or four times the profit of any miller. The Southern Railway put soap in the sixth class with a rate of 49 cents a hundred, or 33 cents when shipped by large manufacturers, while Pearline was put in the fourth class with a rate of 73 cents a hundred. Pearline and soap are competitors. There is no appreciable difference in the cost of transportation. But Pearline commands a higher price, so the railways charged more than double the rate they got for soap from the manufacturers. In another case brought before the Commission in 1889, soap in carload lots was put in class V, while sugar, cerealine, cracked wheat, starch, rice, coffee, pickles, etc., were in class VI. One make of soap was put by many railroads in the second class, while other soaps of similar use and value were in the fourth class.[94] One of the strangest anomalies of classification is the rating of patent medicines as first-class, while ale and beer are third class. In a complaint on the latter score by a prominent manufacturer of patent medicines against the New York Central and other railroads, it was shown that the medicines were similar in bulk and intrinsic value to the liquors, and it is possible that the similarity went much farther than this. Blocks intended for wagon-hubs took one rate on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and boards for wagon boxes another rate.