The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of AstronomyRolfe, W. J. (William James)
Science
The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy
Rolfe, W. J. (William James)
Astronomy
339. _Scorpio, Sagittarius, and Ophiuchus._--During the summer months a
brilliant constellation is visible, called _Scorpio_, or the _Scorpion_.
The configuration of the chief stars of this constellation is shown in
Fig. 394. They bear some resemblance to a boy's kite. The brightest star
is of the first magnitude, and called _Antares_ (from _anti_, instead
of, and _Ares_, the Greek name of Mars), because it rivals Mars in
redness. The stars in the tail of the Scorpion are visible in our
latitude only under very favorable circumstances. This constellation is
shown in Fig. 395, together with _Sagittarius_ and _Ophiuchus_.
_Sagittarius_, or the _Archer_, is to the east of _Scorpio_. It contains
no bright stars, but is easily recognized from the fact that five of its
principal stars form the outline of an inverted dipper, which, from the
fact of its being partly in the Milky-Way, is often called the _Milk
Dipper_.
[Illustration: Fig. 395.]
_Ophiuchus_, or the _Serpent-Bearer_, is a large constellation, filling
all the space between the head of _Hercules_ and _Scorpio_. It is
difficult to trace, since it contains no very brilliant stars. This
constellation and _Libra_, or the _Balances_, which is the zodiacal
constellation to the west of Scorpio, are shown in Fig. 396.
[Illustration: Fig. 396.]
[Illustration: Fig. 397.]
340. _Capricornus, Aquarius, and the Southern Fish._--The two zodiacal
constellations to the east of Sagittarius are _Capricornus_ and
_Aquarius_. _Capricornus_ contains three pairs of small stars, which
mark the head, the tail, and the knees of the animal.
_Aquarius_ is marked by no conspicuous stars. An irregular line of
minute stars marks the course of the stream of water which flows from
the Water-Bearer's Urn into the mouth of the _Southern Fish_. This mouth
is marked by the first-magnitude star _Fomalhaut_. These constellations
are shown in Fig. 397.
[Illustration: Fig. 398.]
341. _Pisces and Aries._--The remaining zodiacal constellations are
_Pisces_, or the _Fishes_, _Aries_, or the _Ram_ (Fig. 398), and
_Cancer_, or the _Crab_.
The _Fishes_ lie under _Pegasus_ and _Andromeda_, but contain no bright
stars. _Aries_ (between _Pisces_ and _Taurus_) is marked by a pair of
stars on the head,--one of the second, and one of the third magnitude.
_Cancer_ (between _Leo_ and _Gemini_) has no bright stars, but contains
a remarkable cluster of small stars called _Præsepe_, or the _Beehive_.
Clusters.
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