Hence, should Russia decide to embark on an H-bomb program of her own, or to “redouble her efforts,” it would lead inevitably to a serious curtailment in her stockpile of A-bombs. While we would have to make the same sacrifice of plutonium, it is obvious that we can afford the sacrifice much better than Russia, since we already have a sizable stockpile of both plutonium and uranium bombs, whereas she has just begun building her stockpile. The situation for her would be much worse if she has put all her atomic eggs in the plutonium basket without bothering to build the much more complicated and costly uranium separation plants, as the incomplete evidence available would seem to indicate. In that case she would be faced with a serious dilemma indeed, for you cannot have H-bombs without A-bombs, and you cannot have A-bombs without plutonium, and if, as the evidence indicates, she has built her A-bomb program exclusively around plutonium, she would have to sacrifice quantities she could ill afford to spare, at this stage of her development, of the only element she desperately needs for building up her A-bomb stockpile. How do we know that Russia’s A-bomb is made of plutonium? We have the testimony of Senator Johnson of Colorado, who assured us in his famous television broadcast of November 1, 1949 that “there’s no question at all that the Russians have a bomb more or less similar to the bomb that we dropped at Nagasaki, a plutonium bomb.” In this single sentence the Senator from Colorado, who as a member of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy has access to such information, inadvertently let at least three cats out of the bag. He confirmed that the Nagasaki bomb was made of plutonium (though, in fairness, it must be said that this had been known unofficially for some time); he told us that we had found out not only that “an atomic explosion had occurred in the U.S.S.R.,” as the President had announced in carefully chosen words, but that the explosion was that of an atomic bomb and that, more important still, the bomb was made of plutonium. And in doing so he, furthermore, gave away the secret of how we had obtained that information, something the Russians very much wanted to know. Not being a scientist, Senator Johnson obviously did not realize that the split fragments (fission products) of a plutonium bomb differ from those given off by the explosion of a uranium bomb, so that in revealing that we knew what the bomb was made of he would also be revealing at the same time that we found it out by examining radioactive air samples and finding them to contain fission fragments of plutonium, as well as whole plutonium atoms that escaped fission.