154. Judy, from the Punch and Judy Show, with ruff, mob cap, and apron 263 155. The Beadle, from the Punch and Judy Show 264 156. The Doctor, from the Punch and Judy Show, with wig and white tie 264 157. A clown, showing a survival of an Elizabethan costume 270 158. The dress of a modern harlequin 284 159. A pantaloon, showing an Elizabethan costume of which Venetian breeches form part 285 160. The bands that survive on a lady's nightdress 289 161. A woman's nightcap, still worn in Wiltshire 289 162. A man's nightcap, from Oxfordshire 290 163. An English horse amulet in the form of a crescent. The flat places near the tips of the horns are evidence that the form is derived from two boars' tusks 294 164. An English horse amulet showing both the heart and the sun 296 165. The cowry-shell ornaments on the head of an officer's charger of the 10th Hussars. The pendant recalls that on mules in Palestine 298 166. Cowry shells on an Eastern mule, hanging like the pendant of the 10th Hussars 299 167. Cowry shells on the head-stall of a camel from Palestine 299 168. A Merveilleuse (after A. Robida) 345 169. A modern family, consisting of the average-sized mother, the taller daughter, and the puny boy (from a drawing by Miss Audrey Watson in "Physical Efficiency," by Dr. Cantlie, by kind permission of Messrs. Putnam's Sons) 357 I THE THRALL OF DRESS THE PRINCIPLES OF EVOLUTION APPLIED TO CLOTHES _The numbers in the text refer to a bibliography at the end of the book_ Unluckily, perhaps, we are born naked and helpless, but no sooner do we come into the world than we are provided with body-guards in the shape of clothes. In consequence, our social position is made manifest. Our vanity is flattered at the same time that our modesty is assured. On the other hand, however, our skin may be chafed, our hair worn away, and, should our equipment strictly follow the dictates of the Goddess Fashion, our bodies may even be deformed and our lives shortened. Moreover, there are other penalties to be paid; we are kept warm in summer as well as in winter, the purchase of our attire may entail the spending of much money, while the mere donning and doffing of our clothes gives rise to a prodigious waste of time.