readiness if necessary to defend, the civil institutions of his country. _Interim_ In 1817 and 1818 General Jackson conducted a successful campaign against the Seminole Indians. His operations carried him into Spanish territory and international trouble was feared. It, however, happily ended in the cession by Spain to us of Florida. General Jackson was appointed Governor of this territory, but after a brief service resigned and returned to the Hermitage. In 1823-24 General Jackson again represented Tennessee in the United States Senate. In 1824 he was a candidate for President of the United States and received a plurality of the votes in the electoral college, but no candidate having received a majority, under the Constitution the election went to the House of Representatives, where John Quincy Adams was chosen. _The President_ In 1828 General Jackson was elected President, after a campaign marked by much bitterness. He received 178 electoral votes, and John Quincy Adams 83. In 1832 he was overwhelmingly re-elected, receiving 219 electoral votes. Henry Clay received 49, John Floyd 11, and William Wirt 7. His administrations were the first to be classed as “Democratic.” Those of Washington and John Adams were known as “Federal,” those of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and John Quincy Adams as “Democratic-Republican.” General Jackson’s two administrations were marked by the force and power of his great personality. One of his memorable achievements was his prompt and effective dissipation of the cloud that hung over the Union when South Carolina sought to nullify the Tariff Act, which her citizens claimed was oppressive. President Jackson’s great proclamation in this crisis electrified the nation. South Carolina repealed the nullification act. Another outstanding feature of President Jackson’s administration was his veto of the act passed by Congress to re-charter the United States Bank. Congress declined to pass the bill over his veto, and the Bank went out of existence as a Federal institution at the expiration of its twenty-year charter in 1836. President Jackson, by direct instruction in October, 1833, caused the removal of the Government’s deposits from the U. S. Bank. This led to the establishment of the sub-treasury system, by which the government became the custodian of its own money and disbursed it in accordance with specific appropriations by Congress. The removal of these deposits from the U. S. Bank created a great furor. It was resented by the Bank and its friends. The U. S. Bank, operating under charter from Congress, was undoubtedly a strong political factor. It was the head of what was called the money power, and represented an opposition so strong that no public man in America, save Andrew Jackson, could have overcome it. An adverse Senate, under the leadership of Messrs. Clay, Calhoun, and Webster, adopted a