subjects the percentages for the 3- and 4-year required subjects. A rather small decline is shown in the percentages of failure for the successive semesters, as quoted below for 2,481 high school pupils of Paterson[29] (the average of two semesters), although these percentages are based upon the number of pupils examined at the completion of the semester. It may further be noted that these percentages do not follow the same pupils by semesters, but state the facts for successive classes of pupils. The same criticisms may be offered for the percentages as quoted from Wood[30] for 435 pupils. PERCENTAGES OF PUPILS FAILING, BY SEMESTERS SEMESTERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Paterson 17.8 18.4 16.7 15.0 15.6 11.6 9.4 7.4 Wood 24.5 14.5 29.5 30.0 31.0 7.9 16.2 .. OBrien (p. 41) 11.5 13.9 14.5 15.1 14.5 15.3 12.1 9.9 The above series of percentages tend to agree at least in showing little or no decline in the percentages of failure for the first five or six semesters in school. Another tendency to conceal important features in relation to the facts of school failures may be found in the grouping together of non-continuous and continuous subjects, the latter of which are generally required. F.W. Johnson found in the University of Chicago High School[31] that the percentage of failures by successive years indicated little or no decrease for mathematics and for English (which were 3- and 4-year subjects respectively). The figures were based on the records for a period of two years. In regard to St. Paul, it was possible to compute similar information from the data which were available.[32] The percentages of failure are presented separately in each case for Latin, German, and French, not more than two years of which are required in the schools referred to above. A contrast is thus presented that is both interesting and suggestive. PERCENTAGES OF PUPILS FAILING, BY YEARS. (Johnson, F.W.) YEARS 1 2 3 4 English 18.1 9.5 18.4 14.4 Math 12.9 12.9 13.6 5.6 Latin 14.1 9.0 2.9 .. German 12.4 7.4 .. .. French 14.3 9.6 3.1 .. PERCENTAGES OF PUPILS FAILING, BY SEMESTERS. (St. Paul) SEMESTERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 English and Math 17.8 18.0 16.3 16.9 8.1 14.0 .. .. Latin, German, French 17.6 17.5 15.1 7.6 3.0 .. .. ..