A.D. 1513.—It is on record that John Hastie, the celebrated hereditary piper of Jedburgh, played at the battle of Flodden. There is a painting of this date by the German artist, Albrecht Durer, which represents a shepherd boy playing to his sheep on the bagpipe, and another which shows a piper leaning against a tree with a naked dirk at the left side and a purse exactly like a sporran suspended in front. Olaus Magnus, a Swedish prelate of the same century, affirms that a double pipe, probably the bagpipe, was carried by the shepherds to the pastures that their flocks might feed better. A.D. 1529.—At a procession in Brussels in 1529 in honour of the Virgin Mary, “many wild beasts danced round a cage containing two apes playing on the bagpipes.” This statement may be taken for what it is worth. It is difficult to construct a theory that will explain it. A.D. 1536.—In this year the bagpipe was played at church service in Edinburgh. [Illustration: GERMAN PIPER OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY _From the Painting by Albrecht Durer._ ] A.D. 1547–1553.—Among the musicians of Edward VI. at the Court of England was “Richard Woodward, bagpiper,” who had a salary of £12 13s. 4d., not a princely sum. An entertainment was got up at court in this reign, part of which was a “maske of bagpypes.” An artist “covered six apes of paste and cement with grey coney skinnes, which were made to serve for a maske of bagpypes, to sit upon the top of them like mynstrells as though they did play.” The English of these ancient writers is often a bit obscure, but this seems to mean that there was an imitation of bagpipe playing by counterfeit apes. The Brussels incident of 1529 may probably be explained in the same way. A.D. 1548.—Among the eight musical instruments mentioned in _The Complaynt of Scotland_, written in 1548, there are included “ane drone bagpipe” and “ane pipe made of ane bleddir and of ane reid.”[2] Footnote 2: See page 18. A.D. 1549.—A French officer describing warfare near Edinburgh in 1549, says “The wild Scots encouraged themselves to arms by the sounds of their bagpipes.” A.D. 1556.—In 1556 the Queen Regent of Scotland headed a procession in honour of St. Giles, the patron saint of Edinburgh, and she was “accompanied by bagpipers and other musicians.” A.D. 1570.—In 1570 three St. Andrews pipers were admonished not to play on Sundays or at nights. A.D. 1579.—We next come across Spenser and Shakespeare. In the _Shepherd’s Calendar_, Spenser makes a shepherd ask a down-hearted comrade:— “Or is thy bagpipe broke that sounds so sweet?”