[486] Friedlein, loc. cit.; Friedlein, "Gerbert's Regeln der Division" and
"Das Rechnen mit Columnen vor dem 10. Jahrhundert," _Zeitschrift fuer
Mathematik und Physik_, Vol. IX; Bubnov, loc. cit., pp. 197-245; M.
Chasles, "Histoire de l'arithmetique. Recherches des traces du systeme de
l'abacus, apres que cette methode a pris le nom d'Algorisme.--Preuves qu'a
toutes les epoques, jusq'au XVI^e siecle, on a su que l'arithmetique
vulgaire avait pour origine cette methode ancienne," _Comptes rendus_, Vol.
XVII, pp. 143-154, also "Regles de l'abacus," _Comptes rendus_, Vol. XVI,
pp. 218-246, and "Analyse et explication du traite de Gerbert," _Comptes
rendus_, Vol. XVI, pp. 281-299.
[487] Bubnov, loc. cit., pp. 203-204, "Abbonis abacus."
[488] "Regulae de numerorum abaci rationibus," in Bubnov, loc. cit., pp.
205-225.
[489] P. Treutlein, "Intorno ad alcuni scritti inediti relativi al calcolo
dell' abaco," _Bulletino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze
matematiche e fisiche_, Vol. X, pp. 589-647.
[490] "Intorno ad uno scritto inedito di Adelhardo di Bath intitolato
'Regulae Abaci,'" B. Boncompagni, in his _Bulletino_, Vol. XIV, pp. 1-134.
[491] Treutlein, loc. cit.; Boncompagni, "Intorno al Tractatus de Abaco di
Gerlando," _Bulletino_, Vol. X, pp. 648-656.
[492] E. Narducci, "Intorno a due trattati inediti d'abaco contenuti in due
codici Vaticani del secolo XII," Boncompagni _Bulletino_, Vol. XV, pp.
111-162.
[493] See Molinier, _Les sources de l'histoire de France_, Vol. II, Paris,
1902, pp. 2, 3.
[494] Cantor, _Geschichte_, Vol. I, p. 762. A. Nagl in the _Abhandlungen
zur Geschichte der Mathematik_, Vol. V, p. 85.
[495] 1030-1117.
[496] _Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Mathematik_, Vol. V, pp. 85-133. The
work begins "Incipit Liber Radulfi laudunensis de abaco."
[497] _Materialien zur Geschichte der arabischen Zahlzeichen in
Frankreich_, loc. cit.
[498] Who died in 1202.
[499] Cantor, _Geschichte_, Vol. I (3), pp. 800-803; Boncompagni,
_Trattati_, Part II. M. Steinschneider ("Die Mathematik bei den Juden,"
_Bibliotheca Mathematica_, Vol. X (2), p. 79) ingeniously derives another
name by which he is called (Abendeuth) from Ibn Da[=u]d (Son of David). See
also _Abhandlungen_, Vol. III, p. 110.
[500] John is said to have died in 1157.
[501] For it says, "Incipit prologus in libro alghoarismi de practica
arismetrice. Qui editus est a magistro Johanne yspalensi." It is published
in full in the second part of Boncompagni's _Trattati d'aritmetica_.
[502] Possibly, indeed, the meaning of "libro alghoarismi" is not "to
Al-Khow[=a]razm[=i]'s book," but "to a book of algorism." John of Luna says
of it: "Hoc idem est illud etiam quod ... alcorismus dicere videtur."
[_Trattati_, p. 68.]
[503] For a resume, see Cantor, Vol. I (3), pp. 800-803. As to the author,
see Enestroem in the _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, Vol. VI (3), p. 114, and
Vol. IX (3), p. 2.
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