[515] F. Bonaini, "Memoria unica sincrona di Leonardo Fibonacci," Pisa, 1858, republished in 1867, and appearing in the _Giornale Arcadico_, Vol. CXCVII (N.S. LII); Gaetano Milanesi, _Documento inedito e sconosciuto a Lionardo Fibonacci_, Roma, 1867; Guglielmini, _Elogio di Lionardo Pisano_, Bologna, 1812, p. 35; Libri, _Histoire des sciences mathematiques_, Vol. II, p. 25; D. Martines, _Origine e progressi dell' aritmetica_, Messina, 1865, p. 47; Lucas, in Boncompagni _Bulletino_, Vol. X, pp. 129, 239; Besagne, ibid., Vol. IX, p. 583; Boncompagni, three works as cited in Chap. I; G. Enestroem, "Ueber zwei angebliche mathematische Schulen im christlichen Mittelalter," _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, Vol. VIII (3), pp. 252-262; Boncompagni, "Della vita e delle opere di Leonardo Pisano," loc. cit. [516] The date is purely conjectural. See the _Bibliotheca Mathematica_, Vol. IV (3), p. 215. [517] An old chronicle relates that in 1063 Pisa fought a great battle with the Saracens at Palermo, capturing six ships, one being "full of wondrous treasure," and this was devoted to building the cathedral. [518] Heyd, loc. cit., Vol. I, p. 149. [519] Ibid., p. 211. [520] J. A. Symonds, _Renaissance in Italy. The Age of Despots._ New York, 1883, p. 62. [521] Symonds, loc. cit., p. 79. [522] J. A. Froude, _The Science of History_, London, 1864. "Un brevet d'apothicaire n'empecha pas Dante d'etre le plus grand poete de l'Italie, et ce fut un petit marchand de Pise qui donna l'algebre aux Chretiens." [Libri, _Histoire_, Vol. I, p. xvi.] [523] A document of 1226, found and published in 1858, reads: "Leonardo bigollo quondam Guilielmi." [524] "Bonaccingo germano suo." [525] E.g. Libri, Guglielmini, Tiraboschi. [526] Latin, _Bonaccius_. [527] Boncompagni and Milanesi. [528] Reprint, p. 5. [529] Whence the French name for candle. [530] Now part of Algiers. [531] E. Reclus, _Africa_, New York, 1893, Vol. II, p. 253. [532] "Sed hoc totum et algorismum atque arcus pictagore quasi errorem computavi respectu modi indorum." Woepcke, _Propagation_ etc., regards this as referring to two different systems, but the expression may very well mean algorism as performed upon the Pythagorean arcs (or table). [533] "Book of the Abacus," this term then being used, and long afterwards in Italy, to mean merely the arithmetic of computation. [534] "Incipit liber Abaci a Leonardo filio Bonacci compositus anno 1202 et correctus ab eodem anno 1228." Three MSS. of the thirteenth century are known, viz. at Milan, at Siena, and in the Vatican library. The work was first printed by Boncompagni in 1857.