"Alii referunt ad Phoenices inventores arithmeticae, propter eandem commerciorum caussam: Alii ad Indos: Ioannes de Sacrobosco, cujus sepulchrum est Lutetiae in comitio Maturinensi, refert ad Arabes." [Ramus, _Arithmeticae libri dvo_, Basel, 1569, p. 112.] Similar notes are given by Peletarius in his commentary on the arithmetic of Gemma Frisius (1563 ed., fol. 77), and in his own work (1570 Lyons ed., p. 14): "La valeur des Figures commence au coste dextre tirant vers le coste senestre: au rebours de notre maniere d'escrire par ce que la premiere prattique est venue des Chaldees: ou des Pheniciens, qui ont ete les premiers traffiquers de marchandise." [2] Maximus Planudes (c. 1330) states that "the nine symbols come from the Indians." [Waeschke's German translation, Halle, 1878, p. 3.] Willichius speaks of the "Zyphrae Indicae," in his _Arithmeticae libri tres_ (Strasburg, 1540, p. 93), and Cataneo of "le noue figure de gli Indi," in his _Le pratiche delle dve prime mathematiche_ (Venice, 1546, fol. 1). Woepcke is not correct, therefore, in saying ("Memoire sur la propagation des chiffres indiens," hereafter referred to as _Propagation_ [_Journal Asiatique_, Vol. I (6), 1863, p. 34]) that Wallis (_A Treatise on Algebra, both historical and practical_, London, 1685, p. 13, and _De algebra tractatus_, Latin edition in his _Opera omnia_, 1693, Vol. II, p. 10) was one of the first to give the Hindu origin. [3] From the 1558 edition of _The Grovnd of Artes_, fol. C, 5. Similarly Bishop Tonstall writes: "Qui a Chaldeis primum in finitimos, deinde in omnes pene gentes fluxit.... Numerandi artem a Chaldeis esse profectam: qui dum scribunt, a dextra incipiunt, et in leuam progrediuntur." [_De arte supputandi_, London, 1522, fol. B, 3.] Gemma Frisius, the great continental rival of Recorde, had the same idea: "Primum autem appellamus dexterum locum, eo quod haec ars vel a Chaldaeis, vel ab Hebraeis ortum habere credatur, qui etiam eo ordine scribunt"; but this refers more evidently to the Arabic numerals. [_Arithmeticae practicae methodvs facilis_, Antwerp, 1540, fol. 4 of the 1563 ed.] Sacrobosco (c. 1225) mentions the same thing. Even the modern Jewish writers claim that one of their scholars, M[=a]sh[=a]ll[=a]h (c. 800), introduced them to the Mohammedan world. [C. Levias, _The Jewish Encyclopedia_, New York, 1905, Vol. IX, p. 348.] [4] "... & que esto fu trouato di fare da gli Arabi con diece figure." [_La prima parte del general trattato di nvmeri, et misvre_, Venice, 1556, fol. 9 of the 1592 edition.] [5] "Vom welchen Arabischen auch disz Kunst entsprungen ist." [_Ain nerv geordnet Rechenbiechlin_, Augsburg, 1514, fol. 13 of the 1531 edition. The printer used the letters _rv_ for _w_ in "new" in the first edition, as he had no _w_ of the proper font.]