[111] Albrecht Weber, _History of Indian Literature_, English ed., Boston, 1878, p. 256: "The Indian figures from 1-9 are abbreviated forms of the initial letters of the numerals themselves...: the zero, too, has arisen out of the first letter of the word _[s.]unya_ (empty) (it occurs even in Pingala). It is the decimal place value of these figures which gives them significance." C. Henry, "Sur l'origine de quelques notations mathematiques," _Revue Archeologique_, June and July, 1879, attempts to derive the Boethian forms from the initials of Latin words. See also J. Prinsep, "Examination of the Inscriptions from Girnar in Gujerat, and Dhauli in Cuttach," _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, 1838, especially Plate XX, p. 348; this was the first work on the subject. [112] Buehler, _Palaeographie_, p. 75, gives the list, with the list of letters (p. 76) corresponding to the number symbols. [113] For a general discussion of the connection between the numerals and the different kinds of alphabets, see the articles by U. Ceretti, "Sulla origine delle cifre numerali moderne," _Rivista di fisica, matematica e scienze naturali_, Pisa and Pavia, 1909, anno X, numbers 114, 118, 119, and 120, and continuation in 1910. [114] This is one of Buehler's hypotheses. See Bayley, loc. cit., reprint p. 4; a good bibliography of original sources is given in this work, p. 38. [115] Loc. cit., reprint, part I, pp. 12, 17. See also Burnell, loc. cit., p. 64, and tables in plate XXIII. [116] This was asserted by G. Hager (_Memoria sulle cifre arabiche_, Milan, 1813, also published in _Fundgruben des Orients_, Vienna, 1811, and in _Bibliotheque Britannique_, Geneva, 1812). See also the recent article by Major Charles E. Woodruff, "The Evolution of Modern Numerals from Tally Marks," _American Mathematical Monthly_, August-September, 1909. Biernatzki, "Die Arithmetik der Chinesen," _Crelle's Journal fuer die reine und angewandte Mathematik_, Vol. LII, 1857, pp. 59-96, also asserts the priority of the Chinese claim for a place system and the zero, but upon the flimsiest authority. Ch. de Paravey, _Essai sur l'origine unique et hieroglyphique des chiffres et des lettres de tous les peuples_, Paris, 1826; G. Kleinwaechter, "The Origin of the Arabic Numerals," _China Review_, Vol. XI, 1882-1883, pp. 379-381, Vol. XII, pp. 28-30; Biot, "Note sur la connaissance que les Chinois ont eue de la valeur de position des chiffres," _Journal Asiatique_, 1839, pp. 497-502. A. Terrien de Lacouperie, "The Old Numerals, the Counting-Rods and the Swan-Pan in China," _Numismatic Chronicle_, Vol. III (3), pp. 297-340, and Crowder B. Moseley, "Numeral Characters: Theory of Origin and Development," _American Antiquarian_, Vol. XXII, pp. 279-284, both propose to derive our numerals from Chinese characters, in much the same way as is done by Major Woodruff, in the article above cited.