[117] The Greeks, probably following the Semitic custom, used nine letters
of the alphabet for the numerals from 1 to 9, then nine others for 10 to
90, and further letters to represent 100 to 900. As the ordinary Greek
alphabet was insufficient, containing only twenty-four letters, an alphabet
of twenty-seven letters was used.
[118] _Institutiones mathematicae_, 2 vols., Strassburg, 1593-1596, a
somewhat rare work from which the following quotation is taken:
"_Quis est harum Cyphrarum autor?_
"A quibus hae usitatae syphrarum notae sint inventae: hactenus incertum
fuit: meo tamen iudicio, quod exiguum esse fateor: a graecis librarijs
(quorum olim magna fuit copia) literae Graecorum quibus veteres Graeci
tamquam numerorum notis sunt usi: fuerunt corruptae. vt ex his licet
videre.
"Graecorum Literae corruptae.
[Illustration]
_"Sed qua ratione graecorum literae ita fuerunt corruptae?_
"Finxerunt has corruptas Graecorum literarum notas: vel abiectione vt in
nota binarij numeri, vel additione vt in ternarij, vel inuersione vt in
septenarij, numeri nota, nostrae notae, quibus hodie utimur: ab his sola
differunt elegantia, vt apparet."
See also Bayer, _Historia regni Graecorum Bactriani_, St. Petersburg, 1788,
pp. 129-130, quoted by Martin, _Recherches nouvelles_, etc., loc. cit.
[119] P. D. Huet, _Demonstratio evangelica_, Paris, 1769, note to p. 139 on
p. 647: "Ab Arabibus vel ab Indis inventas esse, non vulgus eruditorum
modo, sed doctissimi quique ad hanc diem arbitrati sunt. Ego vero falsum id
esse, merosque esse Graecorum characteres aio; a librariis Graecae linguae
ignaris interpolatos, et diuturna scribendi consuetudine corruptos. Nam
primum 1 apex fuit, seu virgula, nota [Greek: monados]. 2, est ipsum [beta]
extremis suis truncatum. [gamma], si in sinistram partem inclinaveris &
cauda mutilaveris & sinistrum cornu sinistrorsum flexeris, fiet 3. Res ipsa
loquitur 4 ipsissimum esse [Delta], cujus crus sinistrum erigitur [Greek:
kata katheton], & infra basim descendit; basis vero ipsa ultra crus
producta eminet. Vides quam 5 simile sit [Greek: toi] [epsilon]; infimo
tantum semicirculo, qui sinistrorsum patebat, dextrorsum converso. [Greek:
episemon bau] quod ita notabatur [digamma], rotundato ventre, pede
detracto, peperit [Greek: to] 6. Ex [Zeta] basi sua mutilato, ortum est
[Greek: to] 7. Si [Eta] inflexis introrsum apicibus in rotundiorem &
commodiorem formam mutaveris, exurget [Greek: to] 8. At 9 ipsissimum est
[alt theta]."
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