The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 04 : $b Greece to the Roman Conquest
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 04 : $b Greece to the Roman Conquest
World history
This act of violence, the surprise of the Theban citadel in time of
peace, called forth a storm of indignation throughout the whole of
Greece. Even in Sparta itself a clamour of popular displeasure arose
against Phœbidas, because (as Xenophon adds) he had acted without due
warrant or command. Apparently the Spartan government found it expedient
to cast the odium of the proceeding upon Phœbidas, and therefore, in
spite of Xenophon’s silence on the subject, there is probably some truth
in the story that he was deposed from his command and condemned to pay
an exorbitant fine. The wrath of Greece may well have been the reason
for this mock sentence. The payment of the fine was never exacted, and
in the following year he held the office of a Spartan harmost in Bœotia.
For the rest, the remonstrances of Leontiades and Agesilaus, the latter
of whom openly maintained that the only point to be considered in judging
the case was whether the transgression of Phœbidas were profitable
to the state or not, quickly persuaded the Spartans of the propriety
and necessity of the coup-de-main. The citadel was not evacuated, and
legal proceedings were taken against Ismenias in respect of the league.
A solemn tribunal was called together in Thebes, consisting of three
Spartan commissioners and a deputy from every town of the league, to pass
judgment upon the crimes of Ismenias. He was condemned to death. The most
repulsive feature of this judicial murder, which was merely an act of
vengeance upon the whilom leader of the anti-Spartan coalition, is the
farce of a tribunal which was supposed to represent national ideas and
interests.
The road to Thrace was now safe, and the war against Olynthus was
prosecuted with the utmost vigour.
It was probably in the spring of 382 that Teleutias, brother of
Agesilaus, marched against the city with a large army. He had made up the
number of his forces in Thebes, and had received auxiliary contingents
from Amyntas and from Derdas, prince of Elimea. This was the beginning
of a fierce and prolonged struggle. After some successes which allowed
him to press forward to Olynthus itself, devastating the country as he
went, he fell in a hotly contested battle, and his death was the signal
for a general flight. His whole army was swept away and annihilated. With
amazing perseverance the Spartans continued the war; in the spring of
380 another huge army was equipped and the leadership entrusted to the
young king, Agesipolis. He was fortunate in battle, but succumbed to a
violent fever the same summer. It was left for Polybiades, his successor
in the command, to force the starving city, cut off from access to the
sea and robbed of its harvests by the prolonged and desolating war,
into surrender. In the year 379 the league was dissolved and the proud
city compelled to render military service to the Spartans; the mighty
chief city of the Chalcidice became a humble member of the Lacedæmonian
alliance.
[Sidenote: [380-379 B.C.]]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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