The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
World history
In this manner alone could the plebeians develop their full strength and
importance as a class, since all the advantages conferred by ancient
tradition and political routine, by a clear insight into their own needs,
and a firmly established social, religious, and political position, were
on the side of the patricians, the plebeians having further to contend
against the disadvantage of being widely scattered over a great extent
of territory and of having received no preparatory political training
or instruction. It was precisely these hindrances to the advancement
of their people that the more active among the tribunes set about to
overcome. A series of truly notable plebeian statesmen now came to the
fore, the most prominent among them being the Icilii, the Virginii, and
later the Duilii.
[Sidenote: [492-452 B.C.]]
As early as 492 an Icilius had passed a law making it a punishable crime
to interrupt or in any way disturb the tribunes when in the act of laying
their criminal decisions before the plebeians in the assembly of the
tribes. Furthermore the tribunes, preventing as they did any violent
interruption of the process of development by holding the plebeians, in
all their upward strivings, strictly to the line of legal right, came
to be the most powerful factor in the gradual development and formation
of the Roman constitution. In domestic legislation they also constantly
took the initiative, being chiefly concerned in gaining for the tribal
assembly and their proceedings--which latter as merely “legislative
monologues” had hitherto remained without result--a recognised position
in the magistracy of the state. The centuriate assembly was at that
time of comparatively little service to the plebeians. The plebeians
eligible to vote greatly outnumbered the patricians of the same class;
yet the arrangement of “voices” in the centuriata was such that the
patricians largely predominated. The first census class consisted of
eighty centuries, the mass of the members possessing the least means
being united into one, while the second, third, fourth, and fifth census
classes--those formed of the peasantry of the middle class--were divided
up into ninety centuries.
[Illustration: PUNISHMENT OF CASSIUS[23]]
[Sidenote: [482-452 B.C.]]
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