THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE PAGE THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE: A SKETCH, by Dr. Otto Hirschfeld 1 INTRODUCTION THE SCOPE, THE SOURCES AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF IMPERIAL ROME 15 CHAPTER XXIX THE EMPIRE AND THE PROVINCES (15 B.C.-14 A.D.) 25 Augustus makes Egypt his private province, 43. Administration of the provinces, 47. Army and navy under Augustus, 49. CHAPTER XXX THE GERMAN PEOPLE AND THE EMPIRE (16 B.C.-19 A.D.) 56 The German War of Independence against Rome, 59. The battle of Teutoburg Forest, 64. The campaigns of Germanicus, 69. Victories of Germanicus, 71. Gruesome relics in Teutoburg Forest, 72. The return march, 72. Battling with Arminius, 74. Germanicus recalled to Rome, 76. End of Marboduus and Arminius, 76. CHAPTER XXXI THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS: ASPECTS OF ITS CIVILISATION (30 B.C.-14 A.D.) 78 Empire is peace, 78. Comparison between Augustus and Napoleon III, 80. The Roman Empire compared with modern England, 84. The Roman constitution, 86. Augustus named imperator for life, 87. The imperator named Princeps Senatus and Pontifex Maximus, 88. Tightening the reins of power, 90. Panem et Circenses: Food and games, 91. Pauperising the masses, 92. Games: Gladiatorial contests, 94. Races and theatricals, 96. Novum seculum: The new birth for Rome, 97. Literature of the Golden Age, 101. Merivale’s estimate of Livy, 107. Livy as the artistic limner of the Roman people, 109. The spirit of the times, 112. CHAPTER XXXII THE LAST YEARS OF AUGUSTUS (21 B.C.-14 A.D.) 116 The personal characteristics of Augustus, 120. A brief résumé of the character and influence of Augustus, 129. CHAPTER XXXIII THE IMMEDIATE SUCCESSORS OF AUGUSTUS: TIBERIUS, CALIGULA, AND CLAUDIUS (14-54 A.D.) 133