The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 07 : $b the history of the later Roman Empire
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 07 : $b the history of the later Roman Empire
World history
If the emperor could rejoice in the death of Belisarius, he enjoyed
the base satisfaction only eight months, the last period of a reign of
thirty-eight and a life of eighty-three years. It would be difficult to
trace the character of a prince who is not the most conspicuous object
of his own times; but the confessions of an enemy may be received as the
safest evidence of his virtues. The resemblance of Justinian to the bust
of Domitian is maliciously urged; with the acknowledgment, however, of a
well-proportioned figure, a ruddy complexion, and a pleasing countenance.
The emperor was easy of access, patient of hearing, courteous and affable
in discourse, and a master of the angry passions which rage with such
destructive violence in the breast of a despot. Procopius[p] praises
his temper, to reproach him with calm and deliberate cruelty; but in
the conspiracies which attacked his authority and person, a more candid
judge will approve the justice, or admire the clemency, of Justinian.
He excelled in the private virtues of chastity and temperance; but the
impartial love of beauty would have been less mischievous than his
conjugal tenderness for Theodora, and his abstemious diet was regulated
not by the prudence of a philosopher but the superstition of a monk. His
repasts were short and frugal; on solemn fasts he contented himself with
water and vegetables; and such was his strength, as well as fervour,
that he frequently passed two days and as many nights without tasting
any food. The measure of his sleep was not less rigorous; after the
repose of a single hour, the body was awakened by the soul, and, to the
astonishment of his chamberlains, Justinian walked or studied till the
morning light. Such restless application prolonged his time for the
acquisition of knowledge and the despatch of business; and he might
seriously deserve the reproach of confounding, by minute and preposterous
diligence, the general order of his administration.
The emperor professed himself a musician and architect, a poet and
philosopher, a lawyer and theologian; and if he failed in the enterprise
of reconciling the Christian sects, the review of the Roman jurisprudence
is a noble monument of his spirit and industry. In the government of the
empire, he was less wise or less successful. The age was unfortunate;
the people was oppressed and discontented; Theodora abused her power;
a succession of bad ministers disgraced his judgment; and Justinian
was neither beloved in his life nor regretted at his death. The love
of fame was deeply implanted in his breast, but he condescended to the
poor ambition of titles, honours, and contemporary praise; and while he
laboured to fix the admiration, he forfeited the esteem and affection of
the Romans.
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