The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 08 : $b Parthians, Sassanids and Arabs; the Crusades and the Papacy
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 08 : $b Parthians, Sassanids and Arabs; the Crusades and the Papacy
World history
For the rest, so far as we can tell, the Arab tribes were not all alike
concerned in these wars of conquest. The great camel-breeding tribes
of the highlands of the interior, in particular, seem to have taken a
much smaller share in them than the tribes of the northern districts of
Yemen. It was a point of the utmost importance that the supreme command
was almost throughout in the hands of men of the Koreish, who at that
time proved themselves a race of born rulers. They led Islam from victory
to victory, proving themselves good Moslems on the whole, but without
renouncing their worldly wisdom. Above all we are constrained to admire
the skill, caution, and boldness with which, from his headquarters at
Medina, Omar directed the campaigns and the rudiments of reorganisation
in conquered countries.
This unpolished and rigidly orthodox man, who lived with the utmost Arab
simplicity while an incalculable revenue was flowing into the treasury
of the empire, proved one of the greatest and wisest of sovereigns.
His injunction that the Arabs should acquire no landed property in the
conquered countries, but should everywhere constitute a military caste
in the pay of the state, was grandly conceived, but proved impracticable
in the long run. Some of the Christian Arabs at first fought against
the Moslem, but without any very great zeal. The majority of them soon
exchanged a Christianity that had never gone very deep for the national
religion. The great tribe of the Taghlib in the Mesopotamian desert was
almost the only one in which Christianity retained its ascendency for any
length of time, but it nevertheless fully participated in the fortunes of
the Moslem empire, and even there the older faith gradually passed away,
as it seems to have done among all Arabs of pure blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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