Catherine’s own views on Russia, 373. The Polish succession; the policy of the nations, 376. Poland is dismembered, 378. War with Turkey, 380. The Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji, 383. The migration of the Kalmucks, 383. The Kalmucks reach China, 385. Insurrections and pretenders, 386. Favouritism under Catherine II, 387. The rise of Potemkin, 389. The official status of the favourite, 392. Potemkin’s schemes of conquest, 392. General Suvarov, 396. The favourites Lanskoi and Iermolov, 396. Joseph II visits Catherine; A spectacular tour, 397. Outbreak of the Austro-Russian war with Turkey, 399. The Swedish war, 400. The campaign of 1790; the Treaty of Varela, 403. Progress of the Austro-Russian war with Turkey, 405. Successes of Laudon, 405. Victories of Suvarov, 406. Austrian and Russian valour; Austria’s withdrawal, 408. Russia prosecutes the war; the storm of Ismail, 409. European intervention; the Treaty of Jassy, 410. The death of Potemkin (1792 A.D.); Ségur’s characterisation, 411. The question of the imperial succession, 413. The last of the favourites, 415. Debaucheries at Catherine’s court, 416. The subjugation and final partition of Poland, 417. The annexation of Courland, 420. Last years and death of Catherine, 421. A Russian estimate of Catherine, 422. CHAPTER IX RUSSIA IN THE NAPOLEONIC EPOCH (1796-1815 A.D.) 426 Early measures of the reign of Paul I, 426. Imperial eccentricities, 427. Paul’s foreign policy, 432. The campaigns of Korsakov and Suvarov, 433. Paul reconciled with France, 436. The armed neutrality, 438. Assassination of Paul, 440. The accession of Alexander I (1801 A.D.): His early reforms, 443. The incorporation of Georgia, 444. Russia joins the third coalition, 445. The campaign of Austerlitz, 446. The campaign of Eylau and Friedland, 451. Meeting of Alexander and Napoleon at Tilsit, 455. Russia declares war against England, 456. The conquest of Finland, 457. War with Persia and with Turkey, 459. Congress of Erfurt, 463. Renewed war with Turkey, 466. War with Napoleon, 468. Napoleon invades Russia, 471. The abandonment of Moscow, 473. The retreat of the grand army, 476. Napoleon on the road to Smolensk, 477. The battle of Viazma; Smolensk is found evacuated, 480. Kutusov’s policy, 481. Campaigns of the Grand Alliance, 484. Alexander I at the capitulation of Paris, 487. The Russian occupation of Paris, 488. Alexander I and the congress of Vienna, 490. Alexander’s religious mysticism; Baroness Krüdener, 493. Alexander’s holy alliance, 496. CHAPTER X ALEXANDER I, MYSTIC AND HUMANITARIAN (1801-1825 A.D.) 499