* * * * * =Wattenwyl=, Geschichte der Stadtund Landschaft Bern, Schaffhausen, 1867-1872, 2 vols.--=Weidmann, Father=, Geschichte der Landschaft St. Gallen, St. Gall, 1834.--=Wild=, K., Auszüge aus handschriftlichen chroniken und aus den Rathsprotokollen der Stadt und Republik St. Gallen, St. Gall, 1847.--=Wilson=, J., History of Switzerland, London, 1832.--=Wintherthur=, Morf de, Dittes Pædagogium, Heft, 1878.--=Wirth=, Statistik der Schweiz, Zurich, 1871-75, 3 vols.--=Wittekind=, (monk of Corvey), Chronique.--=Wyss=, G. von, Geschichte der Historiographie in der Schweiz, Zurich, 1895.--Indicateur d’histoire de Soleure, Solothurn, 1866. _J. G. von Wyss_, Swiss historian, born at Zurich March 31st, 1816, is the son of the burgomaster David von Wyss. He was appointed president of the _Société d’histoire suisse_ in 1854, and is universally recognised as among the most learned of the historians of the century. * * * * * =Zellweger=, J. K., Geschichte des Appenzellischen Volkes, Trogen, 1830; Chronologische Uebersicht der Schweizergeschichte, Zurich, 1887; Geschichte der diplomatischen verhältnisse der Schweiz mit Frankreich, Bern, 1848.--=Zschokke=, J. H., Histoire de la lutte des cantons démocratiques, Geneva and Paris 1823; History of the Invasion of Switzerland by the French, translated by J. Aiken, London, 1803. [Illustration] A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF SWITZERLAND BEFORE THE ROMAN CONQUEST Before 3000 B.C. (Stone Age.) The lake-dwellers, the earliest people of which traces remain in what is now Switzerland, live in primitive huts built on piles in the shallow waters of various lakes. They do not know the use of metal; use stone axe-heads, fixed in stag’s horn and wood hafts, flint arrow-heads, etc. 3000-1000 B.C. (Bronze Age.) The lakemen learn to manipulate metal; advance in skill and mental culture; make artistically shaped bronze spear-heads, swords, etc. 1000-100 B.C. (Iron Age.) The lakemen substitute iron for bronze and achieve greater beauty and perfection of workmanship. Their weapons and implements become gradually identical with those of historic times. In their later days they come into contact with Gauls and Romans. 107 B.C. The Helvetians, one of the chief of the tribes then inhabiting Switzerland, led by the clan of the Tigurini and under command of their chief Diviko, joined the Cimbri and Teutones in a raid into southern Gaul. The allies defeat the Romans, under the consul Lucius Cassius, at Agen, and overrun Gaul. 102 B.C. The barbarians are defeated by the Romans under the consul Marius near Aquæ Sextiæ and one clan of the Helvetians, that of the Toygeni, is annihilated.