101 B.C. Another division of the invading barbarians is cut to pieces by the forces of Marius and his colleague Catullus, near Vercelli. The Helvetian clan of the Tigurini alone escapes. 60 B.C. The Helvetians prepare for a second migration into Gaul. A powerful chief, Orgetorix, promises to secure free passage through the lands of the Allobroges and Ædui. He is accused of treason and dies, by suicide or murder. 58 B.C. The Helvetians, accompanied by the Boii and neighboring tribes, begin the march. Julius Cæsar checks the Helvetians at the Rhone, and destroys the Tigurini at the Arar (Saône). At Bibracte Cæsar defeats the Helvetians. Their remnants return home. UNDER ROMAN DOMINION 57 B.C. Cæsar’s lieutenant, Sergius Galba, subdues the Helvetian Veragri and Seduni. Helvetia is made a Roman province. 52 B.C. The Helvetians take part in the revolt of Vercingetorix. 43 B.C. Romans settle at Noviodunum (Nyon) and in various other parts of Helvetia. 27 B.C. Helvetia is made part of Belgica, one of the provinces of Gaul, and comes more directly under Roman control. 15 B.C. Rhætia (the Grisons) is subjugated by armies under Drusus and Tiberius Nero and made a Roman province. A.D. 69 Aulus Cæcina lays waste Helvetia and massacres large numbers of the inhabitants. Claudius Corius, a Helvetian deputy, by his eloquence saves the people from complete destruction. Aventicum (Avenches) becomes a Roman city of importance. Roman civilisation makes much progress in Helvetia, especially in the western portion. Under the Romans military roads and fortresses are built. FROM THE GERMAN INVASIONS THROUGH THE CARLOVINGIANS 260 Hordes of Alamanni devastate Switzerland. They partially destroy Aventicum. 300 Christianity makes some converts in Switzerland. 305 Alamanni again overrun Switzerland. 406 The Alamanni conquer eastern Switzerland. 409 The Burgundians march toward the Rhine and approach Switzerland. 443 The Burgundians settle in western Switzerland, receiving “Sabaudia” (Savoy) from the Romans. 496 The Franks subjugate the Alamanni, acquiring eastern Switzerland. 493 The Goths conquer Rhætia. 500 King Gondebaud rules in Burgundy. His laws become part of Swiss institutions. 524 The Franks, under Clodomir, capture Geneva. 534 The Franks subjugate the Burgundians, bringing western Switzerland into their power. 536 Rhætia is given up to the Franks by the Goths. 570 The Langobardi invade southern Switzerland. 574 The Frankish king Gontran checks the incursions of the Langobardi. 610 The Culdee monks, led by Columbanus and Gallus, spread Christianity in Switzerland. 687 The Carlovingians begin their rule over the Franks. They foster religious establishments in Switzerland.