1045 Henry III of Germany by assuming the crown of Lombardy secures possession of all the territories of Switzerland not already within his dominions (Italian Switzerland). He is frequently at Bâle and Solothurn. He holds imperial diets at Zurich and lavishes gifts on her religious foundations. 1057 Rudolf of Rheinfelden begins his rule as duke of Alamannia and governor of Burgundy, thus controlling all Switzerland. 1077 Rudolf is elected king by the opponents of Henry IV. Switzerland is drawn into the struggle between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. 1080 Rudolf is slain and his army defeated at Mersburg. The Guelf-Zähringen faction wars against Frederick of Hohenstaufen for the possession of Alamannia. Many monasteries, castles, and towns are destroyed in Switzerland. 1090 Berthold II of Zähringen inherits the possessions of the Rheinfeldens in Switzerland. 1097 Berthold II surrenders his claims to the dukedom of Alamannia. He receives as recompense the imperial bailiwick of Zurich, and is made duke of that portion of Alamannia lying in what is now Switzerland. 1114 The people of Schwyz resist the encroachments of the monks of Einsiedeln. Henry V decides in favour of Einsiedeln. 1127 Conrad of Zähringen is created rector of Burgundy by the emperor Lothair. Most of the territories comprising modern Switzerland are now under the rule of the house of Zähringen. This family governs benevolently throughout the century. 1140 Arnold of Brescia finds asylum at Zurich. 1144 In the quarrel of Einsiedeln and Schwyz, Conrad III decides in favour of Einsiedeln. 1146 Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the crusade at Zurich. Many Swiss join the crusade. 1152 The Waldstätte are placed under an interdict by the bishop of Constance. 1173 By inheritance of the possessions of the house of Lenzburg in Aargau and in the forest states the house of Hapsburg gains in wealth and power. 1177 Berthold IV of Zähringen founds the free city of Fribourg. 1186 Berthold V succeeds. He develops the policy of walling in strong cities to offset the power of the nobles. He fortifies Burgdorf, Moudon, Yuerdon, Laupen, and Schaffhausen. 1190 Berthold V defeats the rebellious nobles at Avenches and in the Grindelwald. 1191 Berthold V founds the city of Bern. 1209 Franciscan monks begin to enter Switzerland. 1211 Berthold V is defeated by Count Thomas of Savoy, who seizes Moudon. 1215 Dominicans begin to enter Switzerland.