1323 Bern and other Burgundian towns enter into an alliance with the forest districts for protection against Austria and the aristocracy. 1328 Lucerne revolts from Austria. 1332 Lucerne (fourth of the “old” places) joins the league. 1336 Civic revolution in Zurich places Rudolf Brun at the head of the city government and gives power to the craft-guilds. 1339 The Bernese with men from the forest districts defeat the nobles at Laupen. 1350 Massacre of Austrian conspirators at Zurich. The men of Zurich destroy the castle of Rapperschwyl, Zurich thereby incurs the enmity of Austria. 1351 Zurich (fifth of the “old” places) for protection against Austria enters the league. First regulations as to the aid that the confederates owe to each other, first federal rights and establishment of the circle of confederate defence. Duke Albert of Austria unsuccessfully besieges Zurich. 1352 Zug and Glarus (sixth and seventh of the “old” places) enter the league. The duke of Austria renews war on Zurich. By the terms of the peace of Brandenburg, Zug and Glarus are again brought into subjection to Austria. THE CONFEDERATION OF THE EIGHT OLD PLACES 1353 Bern (completing the eight “old” places) enters the league, adding greatly to its strength. 1354 Zurich is besieged by the forces of Austria and the empire. 1355 Peace is declared at Regensburg (Ratisbon). 1361 Charles IV recognises the confederation of eight states as a lawful union for the preservation of the public peace (_Landfriedensverbindung_). 1364 Zug is freed from Austrian rule by the men of Schwyz. 1367 The Gotteshausbund (league of God’s house) is formed in the Engadine. 1368 The Peace of Thorberg adjusts matters between Austria and the confederates. Zug rejoins the league as a permanent member. 1370 The Parson’s Ordinance (_Pfaffenbrief_) abolishes special exemption of the clergy and provides for the preservation of peace among the confederates. 1375 Enguerrand de Coucy to assert claims to lands in Aargau invades Switzerland with a horde of irregulars in the Guglerkrieg, or English War. De Coucy is routed in the Entlebuch and at Freibrunnen. 1382 Rudolf of Kyburg, of the Habsburg line, is defeated by Bern and Solothurn, in the Kyburg War. 1384 Bern and Solothurn take Thun, Burgdorf, and other places from Rudolf of Kyburg. The Kyburgs are forced to accept citizenship in Bern. 1385 The Swiss cities join the league of the south German towns. The men of Lucerne demolish Rotenburg, the residence of the Austrian bailiff. 1386 The forest districts come to the aid of Lucerne against Austria. The Swiss defeat the Austrians in spite of great odds in the battle of Sempach (Arnold Winkelried).