The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the ChildChrisman, Oscar
History
The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the Child
Chrisman, Oscar
Children; Manners and customs
=Adoption and Inheritance.= People not having children of their own were
permitted to adopt other children. If a man had no son he could adopt a
young man and have him marry his daughter. Those adopted were accorded
all the rights and privileges of any children. The children of an
adopted son were regarded as descendants of the adopting father and they
preserved the ancestral worship and paid homage at his tomb. If after
adopting a son the man should marry and have a son from this marriage,
then the two boys received equal shares of the property upon the death
of the father. When there were neither legitimate nor adopted sons, the
estate went to the nearest relatives. In case of death without heirs,
the estate descended to the prince, the commonwealth, or the supreme
magistrate, as the laws directed. Sometimes if the children of noted men
were left without property, they were provided for by the state.
Children could be disinherited, but such had to be done publicly before
certain judges appointed for that purpose. When a parent was unable,
through age or infirmity, to manage his estate the son could bring this
before magistrates, who had the power to turn over the property to the
son, who would care for the property and the parent.
=Toys and Playthings.= The children of ancient Greece had quite a number
of toys and playthings. The infant's first toy was a rattle, made of
metal or wood, having small stones inside. A little older they had
painted clay puppets, representing human beings and such animals as
tortoises, hares, ducks, and mother apes with their offspring. Dolls
were plentiful, made of painted clay or wax, often with movable hands
and feet. "In more than one instance we have found in children's graves
their favorite dolls, which sorrowing parents laid with them as a sort
of keepsake in the tomb."[169] The little girls had houses for their
dolls and dishes and tables. The children had ships and tops and balls
and hoops and carts and swings. They also had pet animals. Sometimes the
toys were bought and again they were made by the children, for, through
instinct and imitation, they were much given to modeling and making
things out of clay or wax or fruit-peel or leather. This is well
illustrated by a passage from "The Clouds" of Aristophanes, wherein he
has a countryman describing the precocious abilities of his son:
"He is a lad of parts, and from a child
Took wondrously to dabbling in the mud,
Whereof he'd build you up a house so natural
As would amaze you, trace you out a ship,
Make you a little cart out of the sole
Of an old shoe, mayhap, and from the rind
Of a pomegranate cut you out a frog,
You'd swear it was alive."[170]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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