The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the ChildChrisman, Oscar
History
The Historical Child: Paidology; The Science of the Child
Chrisman, Oscar
Children; Manners and customs
"The costume of the bride is a complete allegory. This orange-red veil,
this saffron-colored _flammeum_, which covers her head and allows only
the face to be seen, is the usual ornament of the flamen's wife, to whom
divorce is prohibited; the white tunic represents virginity; the
head-dress raised in the form of a tower, almost like that of the
vestals, with a javelot which runs through it, indicates that the wife
is in submission to her husband; the chaplet of vervain is the symbol
of fecundity, and the girdle of wool which is tied round her waist bears
witness to her chastity."[185]
Weddings could not take place on any day of the year as there were
restrictions in reference to such. As a great number of religious
festivals occurred in the early summer, requiring the constant
attendance of the priests, marriages were forbidden to take place during
the whole month of May and the first half of June. On the _dies
parentales_, from the thirteenth to the twenty-first of February,
marriages could not take place, as on these days there were memorial
services for deceased kindred and offerings to their _manes_.
Wedding-days could not be placed upon August 24, October 5, and November
8, as the underworld was supposed to stand open on these days, so they
were most unlucky days. Nor could such other unlucky days be used as the
kalenda, nones, or ides of any month. Nor was it considered appropriate
for young girls to be married on religious holidays, although widows
could do so. The best time was considered to be that which followed the
ides of June.
The guests having assembled in the early morning at the home of the
bride's father, or of her nearest relative, the bride being decked out
in her wedding garments and the bridegroom having arrived, the wedding
ceremonies began with the taking of auspices. In earlier times this was
done by observing the flight of birds, but later by the examination of
the entrails of an animal, which was conducted by an _haruspex_, a
professional diviner. If the omens were favorable, then the wedding
sacrifice was made, usually a sheep, and the skin was spread over stools
or chairs, on which the bridal pair sat. The right hands of the pair
were then joined by a _pronuba_, a woman who had been married but once
and who thus acted as a kind of priestess, and the bride signified her
willingness to come into the _manus_ of the bridegroom and to take his
name by repeating the formula, "_Quando tu Gaius, ego Gaia_," "You being
Gaius, I am Gaia." The wedding party then went to a temple or public
altar, where offerings and prayer were made to the _flamen dialis_ to
the gods, especially to June as the patron of marriage. During the
offering, the bridal pair sat side by side, while during the prayer they
walked together slowly around the altar. These completed, then all
returned to the house of the bride's father where a great feast was
held.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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