Archbishop still bears the title of Primate of Normandy. These are the oldest ecclesiastical arrangements, closely following the civil divisions of the Empire. These divisions lived through the Teutonic conquests; and, though here and there a see was translated from one city to another, they were not seriously interfered with till the fourteenth century. ♦Foundation of the provinces of Toulouse and Alby, 1322.♦ Pope John the Twenty-second raised the see of _Toulouse_ in the province of Narbonne and that of _Alby_ in the province of Bourges to metropolitan rank, thus forming two new provinces. He also founded new bishoprics in several towns in these two new provinces and in that of Narbonne. ♦Avignon, 1475.♦ In the next century Sixtus the Fourth made the church of _Avignon_ metropolitan. These changes help to give this whole district more of the character of Italy and Provence than originally belonged to it. ♦Paris, 1622.♦ Lastly, in the seventeenth century the province of _Sens_ was also divided, and the church of _Paris_ became metropolitan. Some of these changes show how closely the ecclesiastical divisions followed the oldest civil divisions, and how slowly they were affected by changes in the civil divisions. When Gaul was first mapped out, Tolosa was of less account than Narbo; the Parisii and their city were of less account than the great nation of the _Senones_. Tolosa became the royal city of the Goth; but it did not rise to the highest ecclesiastical rank till ages after the Gothic kingdom had passed away. Paris, after having been several times a momentary seat of dominion, became the birthplace of the modern French kingdom. But it had been the continuous seat of kings for more than six hundred years before it became the seat of an archbishop. * * * * *