These three great archbishopricks of the frontier land, all of whose sees were on the Gaulish side of the Rhine, remained distinguished by their temporal rank during the whole life of the German kingdom. All the German prelates became princes; but only these three were Electors. The prelates of these three were the Arch-chancellors of the three Imperial kingdoms, Mainz of Germany, Köln of Italy, Trier of Gaul. But, as the Frankish or German kingdom spread to the north-east, new ecclesiastical provinces were formed. ♦Salzburg, 798.♦ The bishoprick of _Salzburg_ became metropolitan under Charles the Great, with a province stretching away to the East towards his conquests from the Avars. ♦Bremen or Hamburg, 788.♦ The bishoprick of _Bremen_, another foundation of Charles the Great, was transferred under his son to _Hamburg_, as a metropolitan see which was designed to be a missionary centre for the Scandinavian nations. ♦1223.♦ After some fluctuations, the see was finally settled at Bremen, as the metropolis of a province, which had now become in no way Scandinavian, but partly Old-Saxon, partly Wendish. ♦Magdeburg, 968.♦ Lastly, Otto the Great founded the metropolitan see of _Magdeburg_ on the Slavonic march. Thus the German kingdom formed six ecclesiastical provinces, all of vast extent as compared with those of Southern Europe, and with their suffragan sees few and far apart. The difference is here clearly marked between the earlier sees which arose from the very beginning in the Roman cities, and the sees of later foundation which were gradually founded as new lands were brought under the dominion of the Empire and the Church. Still the old tradition went on so far that each Bishop had his see in a city, and took his name from that city. Though the German dioceses were of large extent, yet none of the German bishoprics were in strictness territorial. ♦Modern ecclesiastical divisions of Germany and France.♦