Burgundian advance; lands north of the lake 280-281 Relations to Geneva, France, and Bern 281-282 Acquisition of Nizza 282 Italian advance of Savoy; principally of Achaia, of Piedmont; Saluzzo 283-284 Savoy a middle state 284 French influence and occupation; decline of Savoy 285 Loss of lands north of the lake; further losses to Bern and her allies; recovery of the lands south of the lake; the Savoyard power becomes mainly Italian 286 Savoy falls back in Burgundy and advances in Italy; history of Saluzzo; finally acquired in exchange for Bresse, &c. 287 Duchy of Savoy annexed to France; restored; annexed again 288 French annexation of Nizza; Aosta the one Burgundian remnant 288 Savoyard advance in Italy 289 § 8. _The Duchy of Burgundy and the Low Countries._ Position of the Valois dukes as a middle power; result of their twofold vassalage 290 Schemes of a Burgundian kingdom; their final effects; Belgium and the Netherlands 290-291 History of the duchy of Burgundy; its union with Flanders, Artois, and the county of Burgundy; relations to France and the Empire 292-293 The Netherlands; the counts of Flanders; their Imperial fiefs 293 Holland and Friesland 293 Brabant; Hainault; union of Holland and Hainault 294 Common points in all these states; the great cities; Romance and Teutonic dialects 294-295 South-western states; Liége; Luxemburg; Limburg; duchy of Geldern 295 Middle position of these states; French influence; union under the Burgundian dukes 296 Advance under Philip the Good; Namur, Brabant, and Limburg, Holland and Hainault 296-297 The towns on the Somme; Flanders and Artois released from homage 297-298 Philip’s last acquisition of Luxemburg; advance under Charles the Bold and Charles the Fifth; union of the Netherlands 298 The Netherlands pass to Spain; war of independence; its imperfect results 299 The Seven United Provinces; their independence of the Empire; their colonies; lack of a name; use of the word _Dutch_ 299-300 The Spanish Netherlands; English possession of Dunkirk; advance of France; the Spanish Netherlands pass to Austria 301