The Historical Growth of the English Parish Church — John Shaqi
The Historical Growth of the English Parish ChurchThompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
History
The Historical Growth of the English Parish Church
Thompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
Church architecture -- England
§ 25. Other examples of churches in the wealthy market towns of the
west of England might be given, in which, as at Frome, chantry chapels
grafted themselves upon the plan, with immense advantage to the
picturesque effect. But there were few churches on which the foundation
of chantries, and especially of chantries maintained by religious
guilds, had such influence as on the great churches of Coventry--St
Michael's, Holy Trinity, and St John's. Licences for the foundations
of chantries in St Michael's bear date 1323 (two chaplains), 1344 (one
chaplain in the chapel of St Lawrence, augmented 1383, 1390), 1388
(one chaplain at the altar of All Saints), 1411-2 (one chaplain at
the altar of St Katharine), and 1412 (two chaplains at the newly made
altars of the Holy Trinity and St Mary). In addition to these altars
and the high altar there were altars of Jesus, St John, St Anne, St
Thomas, and St Andrew. The chantries at these various altars became in
time attached to the various trade guilds of the town, and the church,
greatly enlarged and extended in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries, contained several chapels, known by the names of the guilds.
Some details of the rebuilding have been touched upon already. The plan
is curious; for the chancel ends in a semi-octagonal apse--a feature
which also occurs in the late Gothic chancels of Westbury-on-Trym
and Wrexham--surrounded by a row of vestries on a lower level. On
the north of the chancel is the lady chapel, the altar of which was
new in 1412-3, known later as the drapers' chapel. The south chapel
of the chancel was the mercers' chapel, which probably contained
the Trinity altar. The eastern part of the north aisle was occupied
by St Lawrence's chapel. The outer north aisle was divided into two
parts: east of the doorway was All Saints' or the girdlers' chapel,
while west of it was St Andrew's or the smiths' chapel. Two further
chapels, St Thomas' or the cappers' chapel, and the dyers' chapel,
formed excrescences to east and west of the south porch. The beautiful
cruciform church of the Holy Trinity became flanked in process of
time by similar chapels. In the later part of the thirteenth century
the north porch was joined to the transept by St Thomas' chapel. At a
later date a chapel, afterwards the consistory court, was built from
the west wall of the north porch as far as the west wall of the north
aisle. Much later, in the sixteenth century, Marler's or the mercers'
chapel was continued from the east wall of the north transept along the
north aisle of the quire, the north transept being thus practically
absorbed in an outer north aisle. The lady chapel was at the end of the
north aisle of the chancel, north of the altar: opposite it, on the
south, was the Trinity chapel. The south aisle of the chancel was the
butchers' chapel: in the south transept was the Corpus Christi chapel,
now destroyed; while at the west end of the south aisle of the nave was
the tanners' chapel.
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