4. Gelon takes Syracuse, b. III. ch. 9. § 7.(2020) * Cadmus, son of Sythes, tyrant of Cos, returns to Messana, accompanied by Epicharmus. Artemisia, daughter of Lygdamis, takes Cos, and reigns at Halicarnassus, Nisyrus, and Calydna.(2021) Canachus, brass-founder of Sicyon, flourishes. 484. 74. _Astylus as a Syracusan._ 1. Herodotus born, according to Pamphila. Gelon destroys Camarina, Herod. VII. 156. Schol. Pind. Ol. V. 19. 2. Gelon conquers Megara, (vol. I. p. 135 note r.) and strengthens Syracuse with the population of the ruined cities. On this occasion Epicharmus, who had formerly lived at Megara, appears to have come to Syracuse. Theognis, the elegiac poet, still composes at an advanced age. 4. From the beginning of the year to summer, Xerxes’ march from Sardis to Thermopylæ. Formation of a Grecian confederacy. Embassy of the Greeks to Gelon. (See Appendix IV.) 480. 75. _Astylus as a Syracusan_ for the second time. 1. Battle of Thermopylæ at the same time with the Olympic festival. Pleistarchus the Agid, Cleombrotus his πρόδικος. After the Carnean festival, the Spartans, with the rest of the Peloponnesians, encamp at the Isthmus. Battle of Salamis on the 20th of Boëdromion. Gelon and Theron defeat the Carthaginians on the Himeras. Cleombrotus leads the army back from the Isthmus after the eclipse of the sun (2d Octob.), and dies not long after, Herod. IX. 10. Pausanias succeeds as regent, and with Euryanax(2022) the Agid advances to meet Mardonius in the month Thargelion or Scirophorion. 2. Battles of Platæa and Mycale (in Metageitnion(2023)). Pausanias’s Greek confederacy. Surrender of Thebes. Chrysis priestess of Juno at Argos. 3. Hieron at Syracuse. * Pausanias in the north of Greece. 4. Hieron defends Locri against Anaxilaus, b. IV. ch. 7. § 4. Pausanias, on his return, brings the bones of Leonidas to Sparta.(2024) Timocreon of Rhodes a lyric and comic poet. 476. 76. _Scamander of Mytilene._ Theron victorious in the chariot race. 1. Death of Anaxilaus. Pausanias commander of the Greeks in Cyprus. 3. Great victory of the Iapygians over Tarentum, b. III. ch. 9. § 15. Victory of Hieron over the Etruscans at Cuma, and at the Pythian games in the chariot race. * Pausanias takes Byzantium. 4. Death of Theron. Thrasydæus expelled from Syracuse, b. III. ch. 9. § 8. 472. 77. _Dates of Argos._ Hieron victorious κέλητι. 2. The population of Elis collected into one town. Diodor. XI. 54. Strabo VIII. 336. B. III. ch. 4. § 8. The allies in Asia refuse to follow Pausanias, according to Dodwell’s Ann. Thucyd. 3. Expedition of Leotychidas against the Aleuadæ. Dorcis commander of the Spartans in Asia. Assessment of Aristides. 4. Leotychidas goes into exile at Tegea, vol. I, p. 189. note i. p. 207. note l. Archidamus the Eurypontid.(2025) The Spartans determine to send no more commanders into Asia. Pausanias goes in his own trireme to Byzantium, and there meditates treason.