102 VI. 60. Concerning the ὀψοποιοὶ see Agatharch. ap. Athen. XII. p. 550 C. Perizonius ad Ælian. V. H. XIV. 7. 103 Compare Athen. II. 39 C. with IV. 173 F. 104 The Periœci also took part in the colonies of Sparta, _e.g._, of Heraclea Trachinia, where they probably belonged to the πολλοί; Thuc. III. 92, 93. 105 Concerning the condition of the Helots, see, besides the more well-known books, Caperonnier, Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscript. tom. XXIII. p. 271. Schlaeger, Dissert. Helmst. 1730. 106 Ephorus ap. Strab. VIII. p. 365, according to Valckenær’s emendation, Theopompus ap. Athen. VI. p. 272. Even Hellanicus in Harpocration uses the word εἱλωτεύειν p. 15. Fragm. 54. ed. Sturz.; it is, however, uncertain whether the etymology there given is from Hellanicus. Cf. Steph. Byz. 107 This derivation was known in ancient times, _e.g._, Schol. Plat. Alcib. I. p. 78. Apostol. VII. 62. Εἵλωτες οἱ ἐξ αἰχμαλωτῶν δοῦλοι. So also Δμῶς comes from δαμάω (ΔΕΜΩ). For the δμῶες, of whom there were large numbers (μάλα μύριοι, Od. XVII. 422. XIX. 78.) in the house of every prince (I. 397. VII. 225. Il. XIX. 333.), and who chiefly cultivated the land, cannot have been bought slaves (for the single examples to the contrary are rather exceptions), as this would suppose a very extensive traffic in slaves; nor could they have been persons taken accidentally in expeditions of plunder and war, as in that case there could not have been so large a number in _every_ house; but they are probably persons who were taken at the original conquest of the soil. The passage, Od. I. 298. οὔς μοι ληίσσατο may be variously applied.—Concerning the etymology of Εἵλως, compare Lennep, Etymol. p. 257. 108 Ap. Athen. VI. p. 265. 109 See book I. ch. 4. § 7. 110 Ap. Strab. VIII. p. 365. So also Pausanias III. 20. 6. calls the Helots δοῦλοι τοῦ κοινοῦ. Comp. Herod. VI. 70. where the θεράποντες are Helots. 111 Ephorus ubi sup. _Ilotæ sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, agreste genus_. Liv. XXXIV. 27. 112 Plut. Instit. Lac. p. 255. where μισθῶσαι is an inaccurate expression. 113 See book I. ch. 4. § 3. comp. particularly Polyb. V. 19.—Hesiod the poet of the Helots, according to the saying of the Spartan. 114 Herod. IX. 80. 115 Plutarch, Cleomen. 23. Manso, vol. I. p. 134. 116 Plut. Lyc. 8. seventy for the master, twelve for the mistress of the house: compare ib. 24. 117 ὡσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι, δεσποσύνοισι φέροντες ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς ἥμισυ πᾶν, ὅσσον καρπὸν ἄρουρα φέρει. Fragm. 6. Gaisford. The passage is given in prose by Ælian V. II. VI. 1.