For about five centuries and a half, Tyrus was governed by Chiefs of the People,--each succeeding Cadmus having the civil, military, and naval power,--not granted to him as to a Dictator, but aided by a Council, somewhat similar to the Judge and Sanhedrim of Israel. The same causes may have led the People of Tyrus to demand a King as the Israelites, and they may have used the same argument. Not only that, but the Tyrians may have received the idea itself of a Monarchy from their neighbours of Israel, who obtained it only _thirty-nine years_ before the Tyrians. There seems to be such a singular connexion in regard to the periods of the commencement of the first Monarchies of Israel and Tyrus; for, by tracing the causes of the former, a conclusion may be arrived at for the latter. The following quotations will be found in the first Book of Samuel [ch. viii.]: "And it came to pass that when Samuel was old, that he made his Sons Judges over Israel." * * * "And his Sons [Joel and Abiah] walked not in his ways, but turned aside after _lucre_, and took _bribes_ and _perverted judgment_. Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together and came to Samuel unto Ramah; and said unto him, Behold thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways:--now _make us a_ KING _to judge us like all the nations_." SAMUEL'S celebrated remonstrance against the institution of an unlimited Monarchy was useless. "Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay!--but we _will_ have a King over us:--_that we also may be like all the Nations_; and that our King may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles." Saul was consequently anointed the first King of Israel,--this was in 1095 B.C. Such an event could not pass unnoticed by the Tyrians. Israel had passed from the flowing robes of a chief Judge, to the gorgeous Mantle and Crown of Sovereignty. The Tyrians had already received some of the customs of the Hebrews,--that especially of Circumcision,--and they may have felt that Monarchy was becoming, in the scale of Nations, as a test of a People's power,--and it would naturally lead them to exclaim, "Let _us_ be governed like all the nations." Whatever the arguments of the Tyrians for a King, certain it is, that in a few years (39) after the election of the first Monarch in Israel, the Tyrians threw off the Cadmean Government, and elected their first King in the person [1056 B. C.] of ABIBAL,--who, according to Menander of Ephesus, and Dius of Phœnicia, commenced his reign in the year 1056 B. C. This record is sanctioned by the Jewish historian Josephus, who is supported by Theophilus Antiochenus.