[497] In Strabo, p. 756. [498] Philo. Frag. 1. ed. Müller. [499] Philon. frag. 1, 6, 7, ed. Müller. [500] _Loc. cit._ 2, 1-4, ed. Müller; cf. Bunsen, "Ægypten," 5, 1, 257 ff. [501] Such is obviously the meaning of this passage.--Baudissin, "Abh. z. semit. Relig." s. 14. [502] Fragm. 2, 4, 5, ed. Müller. [503] Pausan. 5, 7, 10. [504] "Hist. Nat." 36, 65. [505] Athar-ath, _i.e._ Astarte-Athe; Brandis, "Münzwesen," s. 431. Diod. 2, 4, 30. 2 Maccab. xi. 26. [506] Herod. 1, 105. Pausan. 1, 14, 7. [507] Lucian, "De Dea Syria," c. 16. The cutting off of the hair which Lucian mentions is also a vicarious custom. [508] Justin. 18, 3. [509] Movers, "Phoeniz." Encycl. v. Ersch. s. 388, ff. [510] 2 Kings xxiii. 7. Ezek. xxiii. 40, ff. [511] Movers, "Phoeniz." 1, 197, 579; Munter, "Tempel der Göttin von Paphos," and the Syrian coins in De Luynes, "Numismatique," pl. 1. Lucian, "De Dea Syr." 13, 28. On the pillars of Marathus and Paphos, Gerhard, "Kunst der Phoeniker," s. 23. [512] Xenoph. "Anab." 1, 4; Diod. 2, 4; Lucian, _loc. cit._ 14. [513] Lucian, _loc. cit._ 33, 39. [514] Stark, "Forschungen," s. 248, ff. [515] Avien. "Ora maritima," v. 305. [516] De Bell. Parth. 28. [517] Judges xiv. 23; 1 Samuel, v. ff. [518] Gesenius, "Monum. Tab." 25. Silius Ital. Pun. 3, 104. [519] Osborne, "Egypt," p. 144. [520] Baudissin ("Jahve et Moloch," p. 47) regards the amalgamation of Moloch and Adar as of later origin; to me the connection between Saturn and the sun (Diod. 2, 30) appears of later origin. [521] _e.g._ Diod. 20, 65. [522] Justin. 18, 6. 19, 1; Plin. "H. N." 36, 4. [523] Curtius, 4, 15, ed. Mützell; "Porphyr. de Abstinentiâ," 2, 56. [524] Euseb. "Præcept. Evang." 4, 26. [525] 2 Kings iii. 27; see below. [526] Diod. 13, 86. [527] Diod. 20, 14. [528] Plut. "De Superstitione," p. 171; Sil. Ital. 4, 767. [529] Numen virginale; virgo cælestis. [530] De Luynes, "Numism." pl. v.; Hockh. "Kreta," 1, 98. [531] Lucian, "De Dea Syria," 4, 32; Augustin, "De Civitate Dei," 2, 26. [532] Movers, "Religion der Phoen." s. 605, 611, 621 ff. [533] Procop. "De bello Persico," 2, 28. [534] Lucian, "De Dea Syr." 15, 27, 43, 50, 51. [535] Movers, "Religion der Phoen.," s. 681. [536] "Our Lord Melkarth, Baal of Tyre," as he is called in an inscription found at Malta. [537] Herod. 2, 44; Plin. H. N. 37, 75; Theophr. "De Lap." 25. [538] Thus Virgil says of the minstrel of Dido: "Canit errantem lunam, solisque labores," Æn. 1, 742. [539] Joseph. Ant. 8, 53; Movers, "Religion der Phoenizier," s. 150. [540] Athen. p. 392; Movers, _loc. cit._ s. 536. [541] 1 Kings xviii. 28. [542] Plaut. "Merc." 4, 6. [543] Cic. "De Nat. Deorum," 3, 23; 1 Macc. v. 43; 2, xii. 26. [544] Pausan. 3, 23, 1. [545] Movers, "Phoeniz." 2, 230. [546] Sil. Ital. 4, 81, 819; Justin. 18, 6. [547] Virg. "Æn." 1, 742.