[548] Hesychius: "[Greek: Eurôpon skoteinon platy. Eurôpê hê chôra tês dyseôs ê skoteinê."] That Europe is Astarte follows from Hesychius: [Greek: "Hellôpia, heortê Eurôpês en Krêtê]." The "Etymolog. Mag." pp. 232, 333, says: "Europa was anciently called Hellotia, '[Greek: hoti hoi Phoinikes tên parthenon Hellôtian klousin].'" Eloth signifies "goddess." [549] Jeremiah vii. 18; xliv. 17-23. [550] Pindar, "Pyth." 3, 90; Cic. "De Nat. Deor." 3, 23. [551] Appian, "De Reb. Hisp." c. 2; Movers, "Kolonieen der Phoenizier," s. 63 ff. We shall see below what a conglomeration of fables the Greeks have gathered round the wandering Astarte, who rides on a bull and is represented with the crescent of the moon, and a cow's horns. With them she is not only Europe whom the Bull-Zeus carries from Phoenicia, who is sought by Cadmus the son of Phoenix. In her crescent and cow's horns they also recognise their Argive Moon-goddess, Io, and represent her as wandering to Phoenicia and Egypt, where Isis, who here again wears the cow's horns or head, or is entirely represented as a cow, becomes their Io. The wanderings of Dido-Astarte then became confused with the stories of Helena, with the wanderings and fortunes of the foundress of Carthage, and the travels of Æneas, the favourite of Aphrodite, were directed to the most famous seats of the worship of Ashera. [552] Nöldeke, "Inschrift des Mesa." [553] Serv. ad Æn. 2, 632; Gerhard, "Kunst der Phoeniker," s. 36, 38. [554] According to Lenormant, _um-pali_, "mother of the sword." [555] Joh. Lyd. "De Mensibus," 4, 46. [556] Lev. xix, 27-29; Deut. xiv. 1; xxii. 5; xvi. 21; xxiii. 1. [557] Ezek. viii. 14. [558] Lucian, "De Dea Syria," c. 8; Strabo, p. 755. [559] "De Laudib. Constant." c. 13. [560] Bunsen, "Ægypten," 5, 1, 379. [561] Herod. 3, 37; Gerhard, "Kunst der Phoenicker Taf." 4, 5; Movers, "Phoenizier," 2, 87-99; "Phoeniz." in Ersch. s. 391 ff. [562] Jerem. x. 5; Baruch, vi. 3, xxv. 26; Diod. 20, 65. [563] Lucian, "De Dea Syria," c. 49. [564] Polyb. 31, 20; Diod. 20, 14; Just. 18, 7; Curt, 4, 13. [565] 1 Kings xviii. 17-24. [566] Movers, "Phoeniz." in Ersch. s. 419. [567] Movers, "Opferwesen der Karthager," s. 8; Blau, "Opfertarif von Karthago;" Zeitschrift d. d. M. G. 16, 438. CHAPTER VII. THE ORIGIN AND DESCENT OF THE HEBREWS.