[5] Herod. 2, 100, 142, 143. [6] Plato, "Tim." p. 23; "De Leg." p. 657. [7] Diodorus, 1, 44, 45, Olympiad 180, _i.e._ between 60 and 56 B.C. [8] Or, according to another version, more than 10,000 years from Osiris to Alexander. More than 10,000 years had passed, according to the Egyptians, since the creation of the first man.--Diod. 1, 23, 24. [9] Diod. 1, 13, 14. [10] Ibid. 1, 69. [11] Diod. 1, 63. [12] Syncell. p. 91, ed. Goar. [13] Syncell. p. 12. [14] Boeckh, "Manetho," p. 395. [15] "C. Apion." c. 14, 26. [16] Boeckh, "Manetho," p. 769 ff. [17] Reinisch reckons 389 kings from Menes to Cambyses, "Zeitschrift d. d. M. Ges." 15,251; Brugsch's table gives 334 royal shields from Menes to Cambyses. [18] According to Boeckh's "Kanon des Africanus." [19] This, like the following dates, is from Lepsius, see below. [20] Not including the thirty-eight shepherd kings; if these are added the number reaches 322. [21] Dümichen and Lepsius, "Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache," 1864, p. 81 ff. Deveria and Mariette, "Revue Archéolog." 1865, p. 50 ff; 1866 (13), p. 73 ff. [22] Mariette in "Revue Archéolog.," 1864 (10), p. 170. [23] Brugsch, "Hist. d'Egypte," pp. 20, 44, 72; Devéria, _loc. cit._ p. 58 ff. [24] P. 98. [25] Gutschmid in the "Philologus," 10, 672. [26] The number of 113 generations, which Syncellus gives as contemporaneous, does not in the least agree with the accounts of Manetho; moreover, Gutschmid has shown from what items the number 3,555 in Syncellus has arisen in "Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Orients," s. 9. [27] On this rests the difference of the systems of Lepsius and Bunsen. Taking the total given by Syncellus from Manetho of 3,555 years before Nektanebös, Lepsius arrives at the years 3,892 B.C. Bunsen also considers the number 3,555 to be from Manetho, but without historical value. He insists on this number because he allows Manetho to reckon 1,286 years for the new monarchy, 922 years for the Hyksos, and 1,347 years for the old monarchy; but for these 1,347 years he substitutes the 1,076 years of Eratosthenes, in order to fix the historical accession of Menes. According to this, Menes began to reign in the year 3284 B.C. From this, Reinisch ("Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenl. Gesell." 15, 251 ff.) has attempted to reconcile the systems of Bunsen and Lepsius. He retains the total of 3,555 years, and the year 3,892 B.C. for Menes; to the 1,076 years given by Eratosthenes for the old monarchy he adds four years for Skemiophris, thus making 1,080 years, fixes the middle monarchy--the Hyksos--at 1,088 years, or down to the era [Greek: apo Menophreôs] at 1,490, and the new monarchy down to Nektanebos at 985 years. [28] Boeckh, "Manetho," s. 411; Lepsius, "Chronologie," s. 148 ff. Th. Martin "Mém de l'Acad. d'Inscr," 1869 (8), 265 ff.