ritual about the year 350, and Panini his grammar, far more important Dharma-sutras must have been written for the Brahmans before this time, and thus the grounds given above and taken for the contents of the book are in my judgment supported. From these contents, and these essential precepts, two or three prohibitions might be made to count for a later origin (Manu, 4, 102, 114; 8, 363), precepts aimed at Buddhism, but which may also have had other heterodoxy in view. There is also the mention of the name of Yavana. The Yavanas are mentioned among the nations who have sunk owing to omission of the sacred customs, along with the Odras, Dravidas, Kambojas, Duradas, Çakas and Pahlavas (10, 44). Supposing that this list came from an older time, the Yavanas Çakas and Pahlavas may easily have been interpolated at a later period for the sake of completeness. In any case it is clear that the laws of Manu are the oldest book of law in India in their contents and theory of law, and that the material in it is in part older than the material in the Dharma-sutras which have come down to us; Jolly, _loc. cit._ It is only in regard to the law of debt that Jolly seems to find older regulations in the book of Gautama than in that of Manu. "Abh. M. A." 1877, s. 322. [230] Manu, 1, 35. [231] Manu, 1, 1-78, 119; 12, 126. The four periods of the world are mentioned in Kaushitaki-Brahmana, in M. Müller, "Hist. of Sansk. Lit." p. 412. [232] Manu, 7, 4-11. [233] Manu, 5, 96. [234] Manu, 9, 304-309. [235] Manu, 7, 8. [236] Manu, 9, 301, 302. [237] _e.g._ Manu, 7, 2. [238] Manu, 7, 82-86. [239] Manu, 7, 26, 27, 31; 8, 175; 9, 251. [240] Manu, 8, 1-3, 23-26; 61-70. [241] Manu, 8, 88. [242] Manu, 8, 75, 82, 89-99. [243] Manu, 8, 113. [244] Manu, 8, 110, 114-116. A. Weber, "Ind. Stud." 9, 44, 45.