war; others raise the number of the horse to 80,000, of the elephants to 6000, and put the chariots at 8000.[505] From these statements of the Greeks and what they tell us elsewhere of the kingdom of the Prasians or Gangarides, the western border of which is the Yamuna, it follows that neither the change in the dynasty owing to the accession of the first Nanda, nor the usurpation of Indradatta, interrupted the rise of the power of Magadha, which had begun under Ajataçatru, and attained greater dimensions under Kalaçoka. Not the army only but the gold of Dhanapala-Xandrames, the son of Indradatta, is evidence of the splendour and extent of the kingdom, which must have comprised the whole valley of the Ganges to the east of the Yamuna. FOOTNOTES: [482] Burnouf, "Introduction," p. 351, 372. Lassen, "Ind. Alterth." 2, 80 ff. Köppen, "Rel. d. Buddha," s. 117. [483] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 86 ff. [484] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 89. [485] Von Gutschmid, "Beiträge," s. 81. [486] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 91. _n._ 1. [487] Burnouf, _loc. cit._ p. 147, 435. [488] Diod. 2, 39. Strabo, p. 702. Arrian, "Ind." 10, 6, 7. [489] Lassen, "Ind. Alterth." 1^2, 649, 650. [490] Manu, 10, 45. [491] The date follows from the fact that the settlers who are said to have landed in Ceylon in 543 B.C. according to the era of the Singhalese, find the kingdom of the Pandus and the city of Mathura in existence. Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 23 ff; 99 ff; cp. _infr._ p. 372. [492] Benfey, "Indien," s. 221. Neither the book of the law nor the sutras of the Buddhists mention the Pariahs, often as they speak of the Chandalas. [493] Lassen, "Ind. Alterth." 2^2, 99 ff., 108 ff. [494] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 1^2, 137, _n._4, 2^2, 99 ff. The island then received from the city of Tamraparni the name which is still in use among the natives; Tamraparni is in Pali, Tambapanni; and from this is formed the Taprobane of the Greeks. Lanka is no doubt the older name, but like Sinhala it is still in use. [495] Westergaard, "Ueber Buddha's Todesjahr," s. 100 ff. Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 100 ff. [496] Ritter, "Geographie," 4, 2, 519-542. Lassen, "Ind. Alterth." 1. 377. These are, no doubt, the Padæans and Calatians of Herodotus (3, 98, ff.). Lassen explains this name by _padya_, bad, and _kala_, black. [497] Strabo, p. 72, 690. [498] Arrian, "Ind." 8; Plin. "Hist. Nat." 6, 24. [499] Burnouf, "Introduction," p. 351, 372. Köppen, "Religion des Buddha," s. 117. On the forms of the Sanskrit in which the old sutras were written, Burnouf, _loc. cit._ p. 106 ff. Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 493. [500] Burnouf, _loc. cit._ p. 217, 232. Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2, 79, 80. Köppen, _loc. cit._ s. 143. [501] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 93. Köppen, _loc. cit._ s. 149. [502] Lassen, _loc. cit._ 2^2, 90.