We have been enabled to trace with certainty the cereals used by pre-historic man, as they have been found lying in the lake mud, or buried under a bed of peat several feet thick, when they had to be collected out of a soft, dark-coloured mud, which formed the ancient lake-bottom, and is now called the relic bed. Dr. Oswald Heer, in his _Treatise on the Plants of the Lake Dwellings_, says: ‘Stones and pottery, domestic implements and charcoal ashes, grains of corn and bones, lie together in a confused mass. And yet they are by no means spread regularly over the bottom, but are frequently found in patches. The places where bones are plentiful, where the seeds of raspberries and blackberries, and the stones of sloes and cherries are found in heaps, probably indicate where there were holes in the wooden platform, through which the refuse was thrown into the lake; whilst those places where burnt fruits, bread, and plaited and woven cloth are found, indicate the position of store rooms in the very places where they were burnt, and thus the contents fell into the water. The burnt fruits and seeds, therefore, unquestionably belong to the age of the lake dwellings; and a portion of them are in very good preservation, for the process of burning has not essentially changed their form. Many of the remains of plants, however, have been preserved in an unburnt state.’ He gives the following list of cereals that have been found, and it is a somewhat extensive one: ‘(1) Small lake-dwelling barley (_Hordeum hexastichum sanctum_), (2) Compact six-rowed barley (_Hordeum hexastichum densum_), (3) Two-rowed barley (_Hordeum distichum_), (4) Small lake-dwelling wheat (_Triticum vulgare antiquorum_), (5) Beardless compact wheat (_Triticum vulgare compactum muticum_), (6) Egyptian wheat (_Triticum turgidum_), (7) Spelt (_Triticum spelta_), (8) Two-grained wheat (_Triticum dicoccum_), (9) One-grained wheat (_Triticum monococcum_), (10) Rye (_Secale cereale_), (11) Oat (_Avena sativa_), (12) Millet (_Panicum miliaceum_), and (13) Italian millet (_Setaria Italicum_).’ Of these Nos. 1 and 4 were the most ancient, most important, and most generally cultivated, and next to them come Nos. 5, 12, and 13. Nos. 6, 8, and 9 were, probably, like No. 3, only cultivated, as experiments, in a few places. Nos. 7 and 11 appeared later, not until the Bronze Age, whilst No. 10 (rye) was entirely unknown amongst the lake dwellings of Switzerland.