The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
In the year 1793 he published a comparative set of experiments on the
nature of carbonates of barytes and strontian; showing that their
bases are two different earths, and not the same, as had been hitherto
supposed in Germany. This was the first publication on strontian which
appeared on the continent; and Klaproth seems to have been ignorant of
what had been already done on it in Great Britain; at least, he takes
no notice of it in his paper, and it was not his character to slur over
the labours of other chemists, when they were known to him. Strontian
was first mentioned as a peculiar earth by Dr. Crawford, in his paper
on the medicinal properties of the muriate of barytes, published in
1790. The experiments on which he founded his opinions were made, he
informs us, by Mr. Cruikshanks. A paper on the same subject, by Dr.
Hope, was read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, in 1793; but they had
been begun in 1791. In this paper Dr. Hope establishes the peculiar
characters of strontian, and describes its salts with much precision.
Klaproth had been again anticipated in his experiments on strontian;
but he could not have become aware of this till afterwards. For his own
experiments were given to the public before those of Dr. Hope.
On the 25th of January, 1798, his paper on the gold ores of
Transylvania was read at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences at
Berlin. During his analysis of these ores, he detected a new white
metal, to which he gave the name of _tellurium_. Of this metal he
describes the properties, and points out its distinguishing characters.
These ores had been examined by Muller, of Reichenstein, in the year
1782; and he had extracted from them a metal which he considered as
differing from every other. Not putting full confidence in his own
skill, he sent a specimen of his new metal to Bergman, requesting him
to examine it and give his opinion respecting its nature. All that
Bergman did was to show that the metallic body which he had got was not
antimony, to which alone, of all known metals, it bore any resemblance.
It might be inferred from this, that Muller's metal was new. But
the subject was lost sight of, till the publication of Klaproth's
experiments, in 1802, recalled it to the recollection of chemists.
Indeed, Klaproth relates all that Muller had done, with the most
perfect fairness.
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