The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)Thomson, Thomas
History
The History of Chemistry, Volume 2 (of 2)
Thomson, Thomas
Chemistry -- History
Assessor Gahn showed me a volume of Scheele's letters
to him, which he had bound up: they contained the history of all his
chemical labours. I have little doubt that an account of oxalic acid
would be found in these letters. If the son of Assessor Gahn, in whose
possession these letters must now be, would take the trouble to inspect
the volume in question, and to publish any notices respecting this acid
which they may contain, he would confer an important favour on every
person interested in the history of chemistry.
5. The dissertation on the manufacture of alum has been mentioned
before. Bergman shows himself well acquainted with the processes
followed, at least in Sweden, for making alum. He had no notion of
the true constitution of alum; nor was that to be expected, as the
discovery was thereby years later in being made. He thought that the
reason why alum leys did not crystallize well was, that they contained
an excess of acid, and that the addition of potash gave them the
property of crystallizing readily, merely by saturating that excess
of acid. Alum is a double salt, composed of three integrant particles
of sulphate of alumina, and one integrant particle of sulphate of
potash, or sulphate of ammonia. In some cases, the alum ore contains
all the requisite ingredients. This is the case with the ore at Tolfa,
in the neighbourhood of Rome. It seems, also, to be the case with
respect to some of the alum ores in Sweden; particularly at Hœnsœter
on Kinnekulle, in West Gothland, which I visited in 1812. If any
confidence can be put in the statements of the manager of those works,
no alkaline salt whatever is added; at least, I understood him to say
so when I put the question.
6. In his dissertation on tartar-emetic, he gives an interesting
historical account of this salt and its uses. His notions respecting
the antimonial preparations best fitted to form it, are not accurate:
nor, indeed, could they be expected to be so, till the nature and
properties of the different oxides of antimony were accurately
known. Antimony forms three _oxides_: now it is the protoxide alone
that is useful in medicine, and that enters into the composition
of tartar-emetic; the other two oxides are inert, or nearly so.
Bergman was aware that tartar-emetic is a double salt, and that its
constituents are tartaric acid, potash, and oxide of antimony; but it
was not possible, in 1773, when his dissertation was published, to have
determined the true constituents of this salt by analysis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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