Mr Felton’s Opinions--Proper Strength of Carriages--Method of Construction--Usual Width of Coaches--The Perch--Great Height of Wheels in 1790--The Lord Chancellor’s Coach--The Landau--Phaetons of 1790--Two-Wheeled Vehicles--Taxation on Carriages--Advance of the Trade--Invention of Elliptical Springs--Carriages of Napoleon Buonaparte--Number of Vehicles Paying Taxes--The Curricle--Introduction of Undersprings--Mr S. Hobson’s Improvements--The Briska and the Stanhope--The Tilbury and Dog-Cart--Commercial Travellers’ Gigs--Travelling Carriages--The Pony Phaeton and the Droitska--The Cab Phaeton and the Victoria--Dress Carriages--Coronation Procession in 1838--Improvement of the Landau--Introduction of the Brougham--Waggonnettes--Exhibitions of Carriages--Numbers of Carriages in 1874 65-96 CHAPTER V. ON PUBLIC CARRIAGES. Travelling before A.D. 1600--Great Width of Waggon Wheels--Turnpike Roads--Post Saddle Horses--Hackneys--Stage Coaches--Hackney Coaches--Cheap Rate of Hire--The York Coach--The Manchester Flying Coach--The Post Chaise--The Diligence--Post-Boys--Mr T. Pennant on Travelling--Increase of Mail Coaches--M‘Adam’s Roads--Four-in-Hand Clubs--Russian Travelling--Two-Wheeled Street Cabs--Street Cabs need Improvement--Hansom Cabs--Omnibus of Pascal--Omnibus of 1820--Shillibeer’s Omnibuses--General Omnibus Company--American Coachmaking--Fast Cabs of Vienna 97-125 CHAPTER VI. Writers on Carriages--Periodical Publications on Coaches--Tight Harnessing--Height of the Driver’s Seat--Cover to the Driver’s Seat--American Buggy--American Trotting Waggons--Labour-Saving Machines--Machines Save Time--American Magazines on Carriages--Principles of Draught--Disadvantages of Two-Wheeled Vehicles--Track of Wheels--Utility of High Wheels--Side Thrust and Vibration of Wheels--Pitch of Axles and Dish of Wheels--Springs--Elliptic Springs--Brake Retarders--India Rubber Brake Blocks--A Load Should Rest on the Highest Wheel--Danger to a Stage Coach on Low Front Wheels--Carriage Drawings of Full Size--Value of being a Good Draughtsman--Mr Gladstone on Design--Coachmakers’ Company’s Library 126-140 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Frontispiece, as Plate 37. Plate 1--Figure 1. Egyptian Car. “ 2. Grecian Car. “ 3. Roman Car. Plate 2--British War Chariot. Plate 3--Ancient Roman Chariot, from a Bas-Relief at Orleans. Plate 4--The Ordinary German Waggon. Plate 5--Two-wheeled Carriage, Hindostan. Plate 6--Four-wheeled Carriage, Hindostan. Plate 7--Hungarian Coach, from Ginzrot’s Work. Plate 8--The Araba of Turkey. Plate 9--Ancient Horse Litter. Plate 10--Wedding Coach of Duke of Saxony, 1584. Plate 11--Ancient Italian Coach of 1549. Plate 12--Queen Elizabeth’s Coach. Plate 13--Coach of time of Charles I. Plate 14--Coach of Paris in 1646. Plate 15--Coach in which Henry IV. was shot.