Alexander only smiled at this very sufficient little sermon, and
did not resent what perhaps he considered as amusing ignorance. It
is remarkable, however, that as in less remote days we meet with
potentates who could not tolerate the free-spoken court fool, so in
those earlier times we find “tyranni,” who were utterly unable to
digest a joke or a reproach. Now the speech of Anaxarchus was utterly
disgusting to the mind and feelings of Nicocreon of Salamis, who
happened to be present when it was uttered. What the philosopher’s
especial patron chose to take without discerning offence in it, it
was not for Nicocreon to resent; but he never forgot or forgave it.
Alexander was hardly dead when Nicocreon contrived to get Anaxarchus
into his power, and he ordered that the philosopher should be pounded
to death in a mortar, “Pound away! pound away!” exclaimed the heroic
fellow, as the iron hammers were reducing him to pulp, “it’s only my
body! you cannot pound my soul!” Nicocreon told him that if he were not
more silent and less saucy, his tongue should be cut out. To show how
little Anaxarchus cared for the threat, he bit his tongue in two, and
spat the mangled piece into the face of the tyrant.
There, indeed, his wit may be said to have failed him, and he acted
with less presence of mind than the philosopher Zeno, when the latter
was in a precisely similar situation. When the inventor of dialectics
lay nearly bruised to death under the pestles of the executioners
employed by Nearchus, he called the latter to him as if he had
something of importance to communicate. Nearchus bent over the lip of
the mortar to listen, and Zeno, availing himself of his opportunity and
his excellent teeth, bit off the ear of the tyrant close to his head.
Hence “a biting remark, like that of Zeno,” passed into a proverb.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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