The History of Creation, Vol. 1 (of 2): Or the Development of the Earth and its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural CausesHaeckel, Ernst
Philosophy
The History of Creation, Vol. 1 (of 2): Or the Development of the Earth and its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes
Haeckel, Ernst
Evolution; Heredity; Human beings -- Origin
Divergent adaptation can very easily be perceived among plants,
especially in creepers. Branches of one and the same creeping plant,
which originally were formed alike, acquire a completely different form
and extent, a completely different degree of curvature and diameter of
spiral winding, according as they twine themselves round a thinner or a
thicker bar. The divergent change of form of parts originally identical
in form, which tending in different directions develop themselves under
different external conditions, can be distinctly demonstrated in many
other examples. As this divergent adaptation interacts with progressive
inheritance, it becomes the cause of a division of labour among the
different organs.
An eighth and last law of adaptation we may call _the law of unlimited
or infinite adaptation_. By it we simply mean to express that we know of
no limit to the variation of organic forms occasioned by the external
conditions of existence. We can assert of no single part of an organism,
that it is no longer variable, or that if it were subjected to new
external conditions it would not be changed by them. It has never yet
been proved by experience that there is a limit to variation. If, for
example, an organ degenerates from non-use, this degeneration ends
finally in a complete disappearance of the organ, as is the case with
the eyes of many animals. On the other hand, we are able, by continual
practice, habit, and the ever-increasing use of an organ, to bring it to
a degree of perfection which we should at the beginning have considered
to be impossible. If we compare the uncivilized savages with civilized
nations, we find among the former a development of the organs of
sense—sight, smell, and hearing—such as civilized nations can hardly
conceive of. On the other hand, the brain, that is mental activity,
among more civilized nations is developed to a degree of which the wild
savages have no idea.
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