Spain's Desperate Efforts to Suppress the Revolution--Stubborn Resistance of the Cubans--Valmaseda Opposed and Overthrown by the Volunteers--Accession of Jovellar--Increasing Interest in Cuban Affairs in the United States--Spain a Republic Again--Retirement of Cespedes--The Seizure of the _Virginius_--Massacre of Many of Her Passengers and Crew--Strenuous Intervention--Settlement of the Affair--"The Book of Blood"--Spanish Confessions of Brutality. CHAPTER XVI--289 Renewed Cuban Successes--The Island in a State of Siege--Concha Again Captain-General--Record of the Cost of the War--The United States Threatens Intervention--Spanish Anger--A Protest to England Against America--American Peace Proposals--Strength of the Spanish Army--A War of Extermination--Martinez Campos Becomes Captain-General--His Conciliatory Decrees--Surrender of Cuban Leaders--The Treaty of Zanjon--End of the War--Campos's Explanation of His Course. CHAPTER XVII--305 Results of the Ten Years' War--Political Parties in Cuba--The Liberals, Who Were Conservative--The Union Constitutionalists--A Third Party Platform--Cubans in the Cortes--Failure to Fulfill the Treaty of Zanjon--The Little War--Calixto Garcia's Campaign--Cuban Fugitives Protected by England--Revolt of 1885--Custom House Frauds at Havana--A Reign of Lawlessness--Tariff Troubles--The Roster of Rulers. CHAPTER XVIII--315 The Intellectual and Spiritual Development of Cuba--Some Famous Cuban Authors--José Maria Heredia--Felix Varela y Morales--José de la Luz y Caballero, "The Father of the Cuban Revolution"--Domingo del Monte and the "Friends of Peace"--José Antonio Saco--Joaquin Lorenzo Luaces--Dona Luisa Perez--Dona Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda--Nicolas Azcarate--Juan Clemente Zenea--Rafael Merchan--The Distinguished Intellectual Status of Cuba Among the Nations. ILLUSTRATIONS FULL PAGE PLATES _José_ Cipriano de la Luz y Caballero _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE The Old Presidential Palace 14 Falls of the Hanebanilla 110 Carlos Manuel de Cespedes 158 Ignacio Agramonte 258 Calixto Garcia 268 A Santiago Sunset 280 José Silverio Jorrin 308 José Maria Heredia 318 Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda 332 TEXT EMBELLISHMENTS PAGE Narciso Lopez 23 Ramon Pinto 62 Manuel Quesada 167 Francisco V. Aguilera 173 Bernabe de Varona 178 Miguel de Aldama 204 Domingo Goicouria 234 Nicolas Azcarate 251 Juan Clemente Zenea 252 Salvador Cisneros Betancourt 276 Felipe Poey 315 Antonio Bachiller 317 Felix Varela 320 José Agustin Caballero 321 Domingo del Monte 323 José Jacinto Milanes 324 José Manuel Mestre 326 Luisa Perez de Zambrana 328 Joaquin Lorenzo Luaces 330 Enrique Piñeyro 334