+-----------+------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+ | | Cologne | | Equivalent Value | | | Mark | Alloy. | (as expressed in the | | |coined into | | 20-Florin Standard). | | Date. | | | | | +------------+-------+--------+---------+-----------+-------------+ | | Pieces. |Carats.| Grains.| Florins.| Kreutzers.| Pfennige. | +-----------+------------+-------+--------+---------+-----------+-------------+ | 1252 | 44-3/8 | 24 | 0 | 6 | 22 |3-405/2911 | |(Florentine| | | | | | | | Florin). | | | | | | | | 1371 | 66 | 23 | 1 | 4 | 6 |2-434/781 | | 1386 | 66 | 22 | 6 | 4 | 1 |1-85/781 | | 1409 | 66 | 22 | 0 | 3 | 55 |3-517/781 | | 1419 | 64-1/2 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 28 |1-2851/3053 | | 1428 | 68 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 17 |3-18/1207 | | 1442 | 72 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 6 |3-14/213 | | 1477 | 69-1/3 | 18 | 10 | 3 | 3 |2-3104/15194 | +-----------+------------+-------+--------+---------+-----------+-------------+ FRANCE. In France during this same period the ratio of gold to silver was changed in a single century more than a hundred and fifty times, and with a roughness that is quite inconceivable to the modern mind. To take a period of ten years for example:-- In 1303 the ratio was 10.26 " 1305 " 15.90 " 1308 " 14.46 " 1310 " 15.64 " 1311 " 19.55 " 1313 " 14.37