[114] Polano’s Talmud, p. 261; also Isa. xxii. 14. [115] Gen. xxvii. 28, 37; Deut. vii. 13, xi. 14, xxvii. 51; 2 Chron. xi. 11; Ps. civ. 15; Song of Solomon v. i.; Lam. ii. 12; and Hosea xiv. 7, where wine is named amongst the blessings to be restored to Israel. [116] Isa. lv. 1. [117] Polano’s Talmud, p. 247. [118] Gen. xiv. 18. [119] Polano’s Talmud, p. 291. [120] Gen. xviii. 9-20. [121] Gen. xix. 35. [122] Prov. xxiii. 29-32. [123] Isa. v. 11. [124] Poland’s Talmud, p. 254. [125] Joel iii. 3. [126] Luke i. 15; Matt. iii. 4; Mark i. 6. [127] Luke vii. 33, 34. [128] John ii. 7 _et seq._ [129] Scripture Testimony against Intoxicating Wine, p. 184. [130] Tim. v. 23. [131] 1 Tim. iii. 2, 3, 8. [132] Rom. xiv. 21. [133] Rom. xiv. 2-4. [134] Rom. xiii. 13. [135] 1 Cor. vi. 10. The early Christian fathers, to whose teachings concerning drunkenness we shall refer hereafter, found the vice to prevail almost wherever they went as missionaries, in Africa, Gaul, Britain, and elsewhere, and they denounced it in the most vehement terms. [136] See the remarks on Inebriate Asylums in our chapter on America. [137] Gen. xl. 11. This was, however, the unfermented juice of the grape. [138] Wilkinson’s Ancient Egyptians, vol. i. p. 4. Murray. [139] Wilkinson’s Ancient Egyptians, vol. i. pp. 45, 46, 52, 53. [140] Rawlinson’s Herodotus, vol. ii. p. 127. Bohn. [141] Pliny’s Natural History, vol. iii. p. 247. Bohn. Those who are disposed to study the conflict of evidence further should refer to Bishop H. Browne on Gen. xl. 9, &c., and Wilkinson’s note to Rawlinson’s Herodotus, ii. 77. [142] Athenæus, vol. i. p. 55. Bohn. [143] Athenæus, vol. i. p. 56. [144] Dionysus is considered by some authors to be the same as the Egyptian Osiris. Diodorus, i. 11. Wilkinson’s Egyptians, i. 285. [145] Smith’s Larger Dictionary of Antiquities, Art. “Dionysia,” by Dr. L. Schmitz. [146] Buckley’s Odyssey, Book ix. p. 118 _et seq._ Bohn. [147] Odyssey, p. 292. Circe, too, intoxicates her admirers with “Pramnian wine” (Ibid., Bk. x.) and drunkenness is a constant theme throughout the book. [148] Bohn’s Athenæus, vol. ii. p. 682. [149] Smith’s Dictionary of Antiquities, Art. “Helotes,” by Philip Smith. [150] Athenæus, vol. i. p. 229, and vol. ii. p. 731. [151] Athenæus, vol. i. p. 59. [152] Athenæus, vol. i. p. 59. [153] Pliny was born in the north of Italy, A.D. 23. He served as a soldier in Germany, and practised as a special pleader in Rome. He was killed at the age of fifty-six whilst observing an eruption of Vesuvius, for he was an ardent lover of nature. Our extracts and references are found in his “Natural History.” Bohn. [154] Natural History, vol. iii. pp. 252, 253, _et seq._ [155] About 220 B.C. [156] Pliny, p. 252. See also the account of the miracle of Cana, John ii. 10. [157] A measure of about six pints. [158] Pliny, p. 255. [159] Pliny, p. 215.